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Tandem Mach Zehnder Directional Coupler Design and Simulation on Silicon Platform for Optical Coherence Tomography

Yi-Ting Lu1, Benedictus Yohanes Bagus Widhianto1, Shih-Hsiang Hsu1

  • 1Department of Electronic Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 21, 2020
PubMed
Summary

We developed a tandem Mach-Zehnder directional coupler (MZDC) for superior wavelength insensitivity. This new design significantly improves optical coherence tomography signal-to-noise ratio by achieving a 100-nm flat splitting ratio.

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Mach-Zehnderdirectional coupleroptical coherence tomography

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics and Optical Engineering
  • Integrated Optics
  • Waveguide Devices

Background:

  • Directional couplers (DCs) and Mach-Zehnder directional couplers (MZDCs) are fundamental in optical systems.
  • Achieving wavelength flatness in optical couplers is crucial for stable performance.
  • Existing MZDCs offer limited wavelength insensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and compare the wavelength flatness of directional couplers (DCs), Mach-Zehnder directional couplers (MZDCs), and tandem MZDCs.
  • To propose and theoretically analyze a tandem MZDC structure for enhanced wavelength insensitivity.
  • To evaluate the performance improvement of the tandem MZDC in optical coherence tomography (OCT) applications.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of splitting ratio wavelength flatness for DC, MZDC, and tandem MZDC.
  • Theoretical design and modeling of the tandem MZDC structure, utilizing two MZDCs.
  • Simulation of the point spread function (PSF) to assess signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement.

Main Results:

  • The tandem MZDC exhibits superior wavelength insensitivity compared to DC and standard MZDC.
  • A single MZDC can achieve maximum flatness within a 40-nm range.
  • The tandem MZDC theoretically demonstrates a 100-nm flat splitting ratio from 1250 nm to 1350 nm.
  • A 24-dB SNR improvement was shown in OCT applications using the tandem MZDC.

Conclusions:

  • The tandem MZDC design significantly enhances wavelength insensitivity over conventional couplers.
  • The proposed tandem MZDC structure offers a broad flat wavelength response.
  • Tandem MZDCs show promise for improving performance in optical coherence tomography and other sensitive applications.