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Gastrointestinal Toxicity of Immunotherapy
Klinicka Onkologie : Casopis Ceske a Slovenske Onkologicke Spolecnosti
|February 21, 2020
Summary
Immunotherapy can cause autoimmune gastrointestinal issues like enterocolitis, affecting 1-25% of patients. Early corticosteroid treatment is key, with infliximab as a second-line option for severe cases.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunology
- Gastroenterology
Background:
- Immunotherapy is a standard oncology treatment.
- It can lead to autoimmune adverse reactions, particularly affecting the gastrointestinal system.
- Autoimmune enterocolitis incidence varies (1-25%) based on immunotherapy type and combination.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the occurrence and management of immunotherapy-induced autoimmune enterocolitis.
- To emphasize the importance of early and adequate supportive therapy.
- To advocate for research into predicting immunotherapy toxicity.
Main Methods:
- Review of clinical presentation and management strategies for immunotherapy-induced enterocolitis.
- Stratification of gastrointestinal toxicity based on a four-step scale.
- Description of treatment protocols including corticosteroids and infliximab.
Main Results:
- Gastrointestinal toxicity is a common side effect of immunotherapy.
- Most cases are reversible with corticosteroid therapy.
- Infliximab is effective for refractory cases.
Conclusions:
- Early intervention with corticosteroids is crucial for managing immunotherapy-induced enterocolitis.
- Awareness of potential pitfalls and the need for predictive biomarkers for toxicity are essential.
- Effective management strategies improve patient outcomes in cancer immunotherapy.
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