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Executive Function and Psychopathology: A Neurodevelopmental Perspective.

Philip David Zelazo1

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Executive function (EF) skills are crucial for self-control. Training these skills, especially "hot" and "cool" aspects alongside stress reduction, can improve mental health and prevent psychopathology.

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developmental systemsdimensional modelsexecutive functionhierarchical modelsneuroplasticityp factorreflectionstresstransdiagnostic

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Psychopathology

Background:

  • Executive function (EF) skills are neurocognitive abilities enabling self-control.
  • EF skills exist on a continuum from 'cool' (neutral) to 'hot' (emotionally charged).
  • EF deficits are linked to atypical development and psychopathology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the neurodevelopmental pathway from stress to EF disruption and psychopathology risk.
  • To investigate EF skills as a target for therapeutic and preventive interventions.
  • To identify factors enhancing intervention efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of neurodevelopmental models linking adverse experiences, stress, and EF.
  • Examination of research on EF training and intervention strategies.
  • Analysis of factors influencing intervention outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Adverse experiences and stress can disrupt EF development, increasing psychopathology risk.
  • EF skills can be cultivated through targeted, scaffolded training.
  • Intervention efficacy is improved by addressing stress, training both hot and cool EF, and incorporating metacognition.

Conclusions:

  • EF skills are critical for mental health and can be trained.
  • Interventions targeting EF, stress, and metacognition show promise for preventing and treating psychopathology.
  • Understanding the hot/cool EF continuum informs intervention design.