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Related Concept Videos

DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

17.0K
DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
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Transposons01:24

Transposons

1.0K
Transposons, or "jumping genes," are small mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that range from 700 to 40,000 base pairs in length. They are found in all organisms and can move within the same chromosome or transfer to different chromosomes. In some cases, transposons can also jump between different host DNA molecules, such as plasmids or viruses, contributing to genetic variability.Barbara McClintock first discovered these mobile genetic elements in the 1940s while studying maize genetics, and she...
1.0K
Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

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Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
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Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
13.0K
LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

19.3K
LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
19.3K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 28, 2025

Generating Transposon Insertion Libraries in Gram-Negative Bacteria for High-Throughput Sequencing
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Generating Transposon Insertion Libraries in Gram-Negative Bacteria for High-Throughput Sequencing

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Mobile genomics: tools and techniques for tackling transposons.

Kathryn O'Neill1, David Brocks2, Molly Gale Hammell1

  • 1Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|February 21, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Next-generation sequencing advances gene function studies, but analyzing transposable elements (TEs) remains challenging. Recent computational and experimental progress improves TE sequence analysis in genomics.

Keywords:
computational genomicsretrotransposonssingle-cell analysistransposable elements

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized the study of gene function and regulation.
  • Quantitative assays provide unprecedented detail on biological interactions and gene regulatory networks.
  • Repetitive genomic regions, particularly transposable elements (TEs), pose significant challenges for accurate analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in the computational analysis of TE-derived sequences.
  • To highlight persistent difficulties in analyzing TE sequences within genome-wide studies.
  • To underscore the importance of TE biology in gene regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of computational tools and algorithms for analyzing TE sequences.
  • Discussion of experimental techniques enabling better inclusion of TE-derived data.
  • Synthesis of current understanding of TE contributions to genome regulation.

Main Results:

  • Significant improvements in computational methods for TE sequence identification and quantification.
  • Enhanced experimental approaches facilitate the integration of TE data into genomic assays.
  • Growing appreciation for the functional roles of TEs in gene regulation.

Conclusions:

  • Computational and experimental progress is improving the analysis of TEs in genomics.
  • Further development is needed to fully overcome challenges in analyzing repetitive genomic regions.
  • Understanding TE biology is crucial for a comprehensive view of gene regulation.