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Identification of Coding and Non-coding RNA Classes Expressed in Swine Whole Blood
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The African Swine Fever Virus Transcriptome.

Gwenny Cackett1, Dorota Matelska1, Michal Sýkora1,2

  • 1Institute for Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

Journal of Virology
|February 21, 2020
PubMed
Summary

African swine fever virus (ASFV) transcription was studied using RNA sequencing. Researchers identified promoter motifs and termination signals, revealing insights into ASFV gene expression crucial for combating this disease.

Keywords:
African swine fever virusNCLDVRNA polymerasesRNA-seqgene expressionpromoterstranscriptiontranscription start sitevirologyzoonotic infections

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • African swine fever virus (ASFV) poses a significant global threat to animal farming, causing lethal hemorrhagic fever in domestic pigs.
  • Current understanding of ASFV transcription mechanisms and regulation is limited, hindering the development of effective countermeasures.
  • The lack of vaccines or antiviral drugs for ASFV exacerbates the urgent need for fundamental biological research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a genome-wide transcriptome analysis of ASFV to elucidate transcription mechanisms.
  • To identify transcription start sites (TSS) and termination sites (TTS) at single-nucleotide resolution.
  • To characterize ASFV promoter motifs and transcription termination signals.

Main Methods:

  • RNA sequencing was employed to determine total RNA abundance, TSS, and TTS.
  • DNA consensus motifs for early and late ASFV core promoters were characterized.
  • A polythymidylate sequence determinant for transcription termination was identified.

Main Results:

  • The study identified specific DNA consensus motifs for ASFV core promoters.
  • ASFV was found to utilize alternative transcription start sites during different infection stages.
  • ASFV RNA polymerase (RNAP) exhibits transcript slippage, leading to 5' mRNA extensions.

Conclusions:

  • This research provides the first genome-wide transcriptome study of ASFV, offering crucial insights into its transcription.
  • The findings reveal novel aspects of ASFV transcription regulation, including promoter utilization and transcript processing.
  • This work serves as a vital resource for future functional studies of ASFV genes and the development of antiviral strategies.