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Longitudinal blood pressure patterns and cardiovascular disease risk
Joel Nuotio1,2,3,4, Karri Suvila5, Susan Cheng6,7
1Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Annals of Medicine
|February 21, 2020
Summary
Long-term blood pressure exposure, measured by various indices, may predict cardiovascular disease risk better than single-occasion readings. This review explores these methods for improved risk prediction.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Health
- Hypertension Research
- Preventive Medicine
Background:
- Single-occasion blood pressure (BP) is a known determinant of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.
- Recent research suggests longitudinal BP data offers additional prognostic value over present BP measurements.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review research associating longitudinal BP indices with hard cardiovascular outcomes.
- To outline the strengths and weaknesses of various indices for quantifying long-term BP exposure.
- To provide an overview of measuring longitudinal BP changes for improved CVD risk prediction.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of observational and interventional studies.
- Analysis of indices including time-averaged BP, cumulative BP, BP trajectory patterns, and age of hypertension onset.
- Evaluation of clinical feasibility and prospective data availability for different indices.
Main Results:
- Longitudinal BP indices appear to predict cardiovascular outcomes more effectively than single-occasion BP.
- Various indices exist to quantify long-term BP exposure, each with unique characteristics.
- Significant differences in clinical feasibility and limited prospective data exist for these indices.
Conclusions:
- Longitudinal BP assessment holds promise for enhancing cardiovascular disease risk prediction.
- Further research with prospective data is needed to establish the clinical utility of specific longitudinal BP indices.
- Standardization of measurement and validation of these indices are crucial for widespread clinical adoption.
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