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Related Concept Videos

Drug Elimination: Non-Renal Routes01:23

Drug Elimination: Non-Renal Routes

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The liver plays a pivotal role in eliminating drugs and their metabolites, primarily through a process known as biliary excretion. This process involves the hepatocytes, the primary cells in the liver that generate bile. A range of transporters actively expels polar drugs or hydrophilic drug metabolites into the bile, which transports the drugs and metabolites into the small intestine. From here, they are eventually expelled from the body through feces. In some instances, the original drug or a...
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Hepatic Drug Excretion: Enterohepatic Cycling01:17

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Enterohepatic cycling involves the active secretion of drugs and their metabolites into the bile via transporters in the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes. This secretion is an integral part of the digestive process, releasing these substances into the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
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Drug Elimination: The Concept of Clearance01:06

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Drug elimination refers to removing drugs from the body, either through urine by the kidneys or through bile by the liver. Drug clearance is a pharmacokinetic parameter that measures the efficiency of drug removal from the bloodstream within a specific time frame. It is calculated as the rate at which a drug is eliminated from plasma divided by the plasma concentration of the drug.
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Drug Elimination: Overview01:18

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Drug elimination involves many complex processes and does not necessarily differentiate between distribution and elimination. It is divided into two primary components: excretion and biotransformation.
Excretion refers to removing a drug from the body, either in its unchanged form or as its metabolites. Nonvolatile and polar drugs are primarily excreted through the kidneys, with other pathways including bile, sweat, saliva, and milk. Volatile drugs such as anesthetic gases are excreted via the...
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Enhanced Elimination of Poison01:26

Enhanced Elimination of Poison

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Poison can be effectively removed from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract through various decontamination procedures.
Antidotes serve a crucial role in counteracting the effects of poison by inhibiting enzymes responsible for producing harmful drug metabolites. In some cases, these toxic metabolites can be neutralized by endogenous cosubstrates, which are maintained at specific concentrations to prevent interaction with cellular macromolecules and subsequent cell death.
Renal excretion is the...
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Hepatic Drug Excretion: Influencing Factors01:16

Hepatic Drug Excretion: Influencing Factors

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The biliary system of the liver, crucial for bile secretion and drug excretion, comprises intrahepatic bile ducts that merge to form the common hepatic duct. This duct, carrying hepatic bile, combines with the cystic duct, draining the gallbladder and forming the common bile duct, which empties into the duodenum. Bile, produced by hepatic cells lining the bile canaliculi, is composed primarily of water, bile salts, pigments, electrolytes, and lesser amounts of cholesterol and fatty acids. Bile...
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Updated: Dec 28, 2025

Lipid Droplet Isolation for Quantitative Mass Spectrometry Analysis
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Hepatitis C elimination - Macro-elimination.

Martin Kåberg1,2, Ola Weiland1

  • 1Department of Medicine Huddinge, Division of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.

Liver International : Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver
|February 21, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The World Health Organization aims to reduce new chronic Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) cases by 80% by 2030. Achieving this requires increased awareness, improved diagnostics, and accessible treatment, especially in low-income regions.

Keywords:
HCVHCV care cascadeHCV screeningmacro-elimination

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • The World Health Organization (WHO) established ambitious 2030 goals for chronic Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) elimination.
  • These targets include an 80% reduction in new cases, 90% diagnosis, 80% treatment coverage, and a 65% decrease in HCV-related mortality.
  • Macro-elimination is challenging, particularly in low-income settings with limited resources and infrastructure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the feasibility of achieving global HCV elimination goals by 2030.
  • To highlight the disparities in progress towards HCV elimination between different regions and populations.
  • To emphasize the critical need for enhanced awareness and improved care cascades for HCV.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of global progress towards WHO HCV elimination targets.
  • Identification of key populations and geographical areas facing significant challenges.
  • Review of requirements for successful HCV eradication, including diagnostics and treatment accessibility.

Main Results:

  • Fewer than 15 countries were on track to meet 2030 targets by the end of 2017.
  • Specific populations like people who inject drugs (PWID) and men who have sex with men (MSM) present unique challenges.
  • Significant barriers exist in low-income regions due to infrastructure and resource limitations.

Conclusions:

  • Achieving global HCV elimination by 2030 requires substantial improvements in public awareness and the cascade of care.
  • Universal access to affordable diagnostics and treatment is paramount.
  • Urgent, targeted interventions are necessary, especially in resource-limited settings, to meet WHO targets.