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Comparing Eye-tracking Data of Children with High-functioning ASD, Comorbid ADHD, and of a Control Watching Social Videos

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Attachment security differs by later autism spectrum disorder: A prospective study.

Katherine B Martin¹, John D Haltigan², Naomi Ekas³

¹Tobii Pro, Reston, VA, USA.

Developmental Science

|February 21, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Infant attachment security, specifically insecure-resistant attachment, may predict autism spectrum disorder (ASD) risk. This finding offers a potential early indicator for high-risk infants, aiding in early identification and support.

Keywords:

ASD attachment high-risk siblings infant-parent insecure-resistant interaction

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Area of Science:

Developmental Psychology
Child Psychiatry
Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Background:

Difficulties in social relationships are a core feature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
Infant attachment security has not been previously studied as a predictor of ASD diagnosis.
Early identification of ASD risk is crucial for timely intervention and support.

Purpose of the Study:

To prospectively assess infant attachment security at 15 months in relation to later ASD diagnosis.
To investigate the association between different attachment styles and ASD diagnosis in high-risk infants.
To explore the potential of insecure-resistant attachment as an early marker for ASD risk.

Main Methods:

Prospective assessment of attachment security using the Strange Situation Procedure at 15 months.
Study included high-risk infants with later ASD diagnosis (n=16), high-risk infants without ASD (n=40), and low-risk infants without ASD (n=39).
Comparison of attachment classifications (secure, insecure-avoidant, insecure-resistant) across the three groups.

Main Results:

High-risk infants who later received an ASD diagnosis were significantly more likely to exhibit insecure attachment, particularly insecure-resistant, compared to low-risk and high-risk infants without ASD.
Insecure-resistant attachment was over nine times more likely to be associated with an ASD diagnosis in high-risk infants compared to secure attachment.
Insecure-resistant attachment may reflect a propensity for negative affect in stressful situations with a parent.

Conclusions:

Insecure-resistant attachment in high-risk infants may serve as a potential early index for ASD diagnosis.
This attachment style could contribute to the social and familial challenges experienced by children with ASD.
Findings highlight the importance of considering infant-parent attachment dynamics in the context of early ASD risk assessment.