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SPLIT: Stable Protein Coacervation Using a Light Induced Transition.

Ellen H Reed1, Benjamin S Schuster2, Matthew C Good3

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.

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|February 21, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists created synthetic membraneless organelles using a light-sensitive protein. This engineered coacervating protein assembles on demand, offering new ways to control cellular processes with light.

Keywords:
PhoClRGGbiomolecular condensatesmembraneless organellesoptogeneticsrecombinant proteins

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Synthetic Biology

Background:

  • Protein coacervates act as membraneless organelles, concentrating proteins and nucleotides to regulate cell physiology.
  • The intrinsically disordered RGG domain of LAF-1 protein drives coacervation.
  • Opto-responsive proteins can be used to control biological processes with light.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer a tunable, synthetic membraneless organelle that assembles in response to light.
  • To develop a light-inducible system for protein phase separation.

Main Methods:

  • Engineered a fusion protein comprising a solubilizing domain, the light-sensitive protein PhoCl, and the coacervation-driving RGG domain.
  • Utilized 405 nm light to cleave PhoCl, triggering the removal of the solubilizing domain.
  • Demonstrated coacervation in cellular-sized water-in-oil emulsions and in *Saccharomyces cerevisiae*.

Main Results:

  • Cleavage of PhoCl by 405 nm light initiated RGG-driven coacervation within minutes.
  • The engineered system showed light-induced coacervation in both in vitro emulsions and in yeast cells.
  • Optimized system demonstrated efficient light-triggered assembly of synthetic membraneless organelles.

Conclusions:

  • Developed a novel method for light-induced protein phase separation.
  • Created tunable synthetic membraneless organelles with potential applications in cell biology and synthetic biology.
  • The described strategies offer new tools for controlling cellular organization and function using light stimuli.