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Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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Endocrine disruptors and thyroid autoimmunity.

Salvatore Benvenga1, Giusy Elia2, Francesca Ragusa2

  • 1Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Master Program on Childhood, Adolescent and Women's Endocrine Health, University of Messina, Messina, Italy; Interdepartmental Program of Molecular & Clinical Endocrinology, and Women's Endocrine Health, University Hospital, Policlinico Universitario G. Martino, Messina, Italy.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
|February 22, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Environmental and occupational endocrine disruptors (ED) can trigger thyroid autoimmunity. Certain nutrients like omega-3 fatty acids may offer protection against these effects.

Keywords:
Graves' diseaseautoimmune thyroid diseasesautoimmune thyroiditisendocrine disruptorsmyo-inositolselenium/selenomethionine

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Medicine
  • Endocrinology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Environmental and occupational endocrine disruptors (ED) are linked to thyroid gland dysfunction.
  • Increased prevalence of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) is observed in populations exposed to pollutants like petrochemicals, pesticides, and heavy metals (e.g., Hg, Vanadium).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of environmental and occupational endocrine disruptors on thyroid autoimmunity.
  • To identify potential protective agents against ED-induced AITD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating the effects of environmental and occupational exposures on AITD.
  • Analysis of research on the role of specific chemicals and pollutants in thyroid autoimmunity.

Main Results:

  • Exposure to petrochemicals, organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, aluminum, mercury (Hg), and vanadium is associated with increased AITD prevalence.
  • Vanadium exposure can exacerbate the inflammatory response in thyrocytes.
  • Omega-3 fatty acids, myo-inositol, and selenomethionine show potential in counteracting AITD in exposed individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental and occupational ED play a significant role in the induction of AITD.
  • Nutritional interventions may help prevent or mitigate AITD in susceptible populations.
  • Further large-scale studies are required to confirm the role of ED and protective agents in AITD.