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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 28, 2025

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Neural Activity During Self-referential Processing in Children at Risk for Depression.

Pan Liu1, Matthew R J Vandermeer1, Marc F Joanisse1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; The Brain and Mind Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.

Biological Psychiatry. Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging
|February 22, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Children at high risk for depression show greater brain activity in prefrontal regions when processing positive traits. More positive self-schemas may protect these children from developing depressive symptoms.

Keywords:
DepressionMaternal historyPreadolescenceSelf-referential encoding taskfMRIvlPFC

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Cognitive theories link depression to negative self-schemas.
  • Neural correlates of self-referential processing are known in adults, but not in children at risk for depression.
  • Maternal depression history is a significant risk factor for childhood depression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate neural substrates of self-referential processing in children at high and low risk for depression.
  • Examine how brain activity relates to self-referential processing in the context of depression risk.
  • Determine if positive self-schemas offer protection against depression in at-risk children.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to study 87 never-depressed children (ages 10-12).
  • Participants completed a self-referential encoding task with positive and negative trait adjectives.
  • Analyses focused on specific regions of interest related to self-referential and emotion processing.

Main Results:

  • Children at high risk (due to maternal depression) exhibited greater activation in the ventrolateral and ventromedial prefrontal cortex during positive-word processing.
  • Activation in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex mediated the link between maternal depression and child depressive symptoms, but only when children had fewer positive self-schemas.
  • This suggests positive self-schemas may buffer against depression risk.

Conclusions:

  • Heightened activity in prefrontal and cortical midline regions during self-referential processing may indicate early vulnerability to depression.
  • These findings highlight the role of neurobiological substrates in early depression risk.
  • Positive self-schemas appear to play a protective role in at-risk children's mental health.