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Related Concept Videos

Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes02:42

Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes

17.9K
Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure.  Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
There are several different mechanisms used to attenuate transcription. In ribosome mediated...
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Transcription01:17

Transcription

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Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in correctly synthesizing messenger RNA (mRNA). Transcriptional regulation is responsible for the differentiation of different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds of RNA Molecules
In eukaryotes,...
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Transcription01:10

Transcription

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Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
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Transcription Elongation Factors02:35

Transcription Elongation Factors

13.0K
Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
The transcription elongation is regulated via pausing of RNA polymerase on several occasions during transcription. In bacteria, these halts are necessary because the transcription of DNA into mRNA is coupled to the translation of that mRNA...
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Transcription Elongation Factors02:35

Transcription Elongation Factors

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Bacterial Transcription01:53

Bacterial Transcription

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RNA polymerase (RNAP) carries out DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. So, transcription and translation occur simultaneously, on the same DNA template.
Transcription can be divided into three main stages, each involving distinct DNA sequences to guide the polymerase. These are:
35.3K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 28, 2025

Analysis of Termination of Transcription Using BrUTP-strand-specific Transcription Run-on TRO Approach
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Analysis of Termination of Transcription Using BrUTP-strand-specific Transcription Run-on TRO Approach

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Persistent features of intermittent transcription.

Michael Wilkinson1,2, Spyros Darmanis3, Angela Oliveira Pisco3

  • 1Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, 499 Illinois Street, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA. michael.wilkinson@czbiohub.org.

Scientific Reports
|February 22, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new method to analyze single-cell RNA sequencing data, revealing that gene transcription rates are constant across tissues, while gene activation probabilities vary. This highlights temporal gene activity as key to expression differences.

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Real-time Analysis of Transcription Factor Binding, Transcription, Translation, and Turnover to Display Global Events During Cellular Activation
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Real-time Analysis of Transcription Factor Binding, Transcription, Translation, and Turnover to Display Global Events During Cellular Activation
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is crucial for understanding gene expression heterogeneity.
  • Technical noise in scRNA-seq can obscure true biological signals.
  • Existing methods may not fully capture the dynamics of gene expression at the single-cell level.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel parametrization for scRNA-seq data.
  • To estimate gene activation probability and peak transcription rate.
  • To investigate the drivers of gene expression differences across tissues.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a new statistical model for scRNA-seq count data.
  • Estimated gene activation probability and peak transcription rate.
  • Applied the model to mRNA counts from adult mouse tissues.

Main Results:

  • Peak transcription rates are largely constant across different mouse tissue types.
  • Gene activation probabilities vary significantly across tissues and genes.
  • Observed gene expression patterns are primarily driven by transcriptional intermittency, not cell-type specificity.
  • Both activation probability and peak transcription rate distributions follow a power law.

Conclusions:

  • Peak transcription rate is a stable, intrinsic property of a gene.
  • Gene expression differences are mainly regulated by the temporal dynamics of transcription (intermittency).
  • The novel parametrization provides a robust framework for analyzing scRNA-seq data and understanding gene expression regulation.