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Using gold nanoparticles to detect single-nucleotide polymorphisms: toward liquid biopsy.

María Sanromán Iglesias1, Marek Grzelczak2

  • 1Centro de Física de Materiales CSIC-UPV/EHU and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-Sebastián, Spain.

Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology
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Summary

Gold nanoparticles enable rapid detection of genetic mutations in liquid biopsies using colorimetric biosensors. This review covers advancements in detecting single-nucleotide polymorphisms for cancer diagnostics.

Keywords:
amplification reactionsbiomarkerscolorimetric biosensinggold nanoparticlesplasmonicssingle-point mutation

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biotechnology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Liquid biopsy offers a non-invasive method for detecting genetic mutations.
  • Nanoparticles, particularly gold nanoparticles, enhance biosensor sensitivity and specificity.
  • Point-of-care devices require robust and rapid detection methods for genetic biomarkers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the state-of-the-art of gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric biosensors for single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection.
  • To cover research advancements over the last twenty years in this field.
  • To provide an outlook on future developments in SNP detection for cancer biomarkers.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on gold nanoparticle colorimetric biosensors for SNP detection.
  • Analysis of assays utilizing DNA-based molecular machines.
  • Summary of assays employing enzymatic reactions for signal amplification.

Main Results:

  • Gold nanoparticles combined with specific assay mechanisms offer high sensitivity and specificity for SNP detection.
  • Various DNA-based and enzymatic strategies have been developed for enhanced colorimetric detection.
  • Significant progress has been made in translating these biosensors towards point-of-care applications.

Conclusions:

  • Gold nanoparticle colorimetric biosensors are promising tools for rapid genetic mutation detection in liquid biopsies.
  • Further development is needed to optimize assay performance and facilitate widespread clinical adoption for cancer diagnostics.
  • The integration of nanotechnology with molecular biology holds significant potential for future diagnostic advancements.