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PVT1 Long Non-coding RNA in Gastrointestinal Cancer
Águeda Martínez-Barriocanal1,2, Diego Arango1,2, Higinio Dopeso1
1Group of Biomedical Research in Digestive Tract Tumors, CIBBIM-Nanomedicine, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Frontiers in Oncology
|February 22, 2020
Summary
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key in cancer. The PVT1 lncRNA drives colorectal and gastric cancer by regulating MYC, miRNAs, and more, offering potential as a biomarker.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Genomics
- Oncology
Background:
- Whole genome and transcriptome sequencing have identified numerous long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs).
- LncRNAs regulate critical cellular pathways and are often dysregulated in human tumors, implicating them in tumorigenesis.
- The PVT1 lncRNA, located at the frequently amplified chromosomal locus 8q24.21, is associated with increased cancer risk.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the oncogenic role of the PVT1 lncRNA in colorectal and gastric cancers.
- To discuss the molecular mechanisms by which PVT1 contributes to tumorigenesis.
- To explore PVT1's potential as a prognostic biomarker and its link to chemotherapy resistance.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on PVT1 function in gastrointestinal cancers.
- Analysis of mechanisms including MYC upregulation, miRNA production, ceRNA activity, protein stabilization, and epigenetic regulation.
- Examination of PVT1's role in cancer prognosis and treatment resistance.
Main Results:
- PVT1 expression is elevated in gastrointestinal tumors, correlating with poor patient prognosis.
- PVT1 exerts its oncogenic functions through multiple pathways, including MYC activation and modulation of miRNA activity.
- PVT1 is implicated in protein stabilization and epigenetic modifications relevant to cancer progression.
Conclusions:
- PVT1 is a significant oncogenic driver in colorectal and gastric cancers.
- PVT1's multifaceted mechanisms of action highlight its importance in cancer development and progression.
- PVT1 shows promise as a prognostic biomarker and a factor influencing therapeutic response in gastrointestinal malignancies.
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