Biomembrane induced in situ self-assembly of peptide with enhanced antimicrobial activity

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as biocides are of great interest because they have the ability to combat antibiotic resistance. Normally, natural AMPs need to be rationally designed or modified for practical use as an antibiotic. Here, a novel AMP, termed FF8, which is a cationic octapeptide composed of arginine, lysine, and phenylalanine, was designed. The FF8 was found to self-assemble into nanofibers when induced by a negatively charged lipid membrane or pH is above 9.4. The fibers on the membrane broke the lipid membrane, forming pores and significantly reducing its fluidity. FF8 also exhibited enhanced antibacterial activity by significantly increasing the permeability of the inner and outer membranes of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and maintaining the pores of the inner membrane of cells, which caused continuous membrane leakage. Because of its high antibacterial activity, cytocompatibility, and cost-effectiveness, FF8 is a promising antibacterial material.