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Human myiasis in Ecuador.

Manuel Calvopina1, Esteban Ortiz-Prado1,2, Byron Castañeda3

  • 1OneHealth Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad De Las Américas (UDLA), Quito, Ecuador.

Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases
|February 22, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Human myiasis in Ecuador is caused by four fly species, with Dermatobia hominis and Cochliomyia hominivorax being most common. This neglected ectoparasitic infestation requires improved awareness and surveillance for prevention and treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Entomology
  • Epidemiology
  • Tropical Medicine

Background:

  • Human myiasis, an infestation by fly larvae, is a significant public health concern in Ecuador.
  • Data on its prevalence and etiological agents are crucial for effective control strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review epidemiological and clinical data on human myiasis in Ecuador.
  • To identify causative agents and assess their distribution and clinical manifestations.
  • To evaluate treatment outcomes and regional incidence rates.

Main Methods:

  • Review of Ministry of Public Health (MPH) data from 2013-2015.
  • Literature review of clinical cases of human myiasis.
  • Identification of causative fly species and analysis of case demographics and locations.

Main Results:

  • Thirty-nine clinical cases were identified, caused by Dermatobia hominis (43.5%), Cochliomyia hominivorax (38%), Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis, and Lucilia eximia.
  • Cochliomyia hominivorax caused wound and cavitary infestations, including a hospital-acquired case.
  • MPH data (2013-2015) registered 2,187 cases, with highest incidence in the Amazon region (23/100,000).
  • Ivermectin demonstrated successful treatment for various myiasis types.

Conclusions:

  • Human myiasis is an endemic and understudied ectoparasitic infestation in Ecuador's temperate and tropical regions.
  • Dermatobia hominis and Cochliomyia hominivorax are the primary agents, with distinct clinical presentations and geographical distributions.
  • Enhanced public and health professional education is vital for improved surveillance, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of human myiasis.