Measles: An Overview of a Re-Emerging Disease in Children and Immunocompromised Patients

Area of Science:

• Virology
• Immunology
• Public Health

Background:

• Measles remains a significant global health threat, with hundreds of thousands of cases and deaths reported annually.
• Declining vaccination coverage is driving a resurgence in measles incidence, particularly affecting young children and immunocompromised individuals.
• The virus's ability to cause widespread outbreaks and severe illness necessitates a deeper understanding of its pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the pathophysiology of measles infection.
• To elucidate the mechanisms of systemic viral spread and immune suppression.
• To provide a comprehensive overview of measles, including clinical aspects and prevention.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on measles virus pathophysiology.
• Analysis of viral mechanisms, including cellular entry and spread.
• Compilation of data on disease severity, risk factors, and susceptible populations.

Main Results:

• Measles virus utilizes a 'Trojan horse' strategy to reach lymphocytes, inducing immunosuppression.
• Viral H and F glycoproteins mediate cell attachment and spread by binding to host cell receptors.
• Disease severity is influenced by patient age, health status, and socio-health contexts, with potential long-term sequelae.

Conclusions:

• Understanding measles pathogenesis is crucial for combating outbreaks and improving public health strategies.
• The review highlights the importance of maintaining high vaccination coverage to prevent measles resurgence.
• Comprehensive knowledge of measles, from microbiology to treatment, is essential for effective disease management.