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Related Concept Videos

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T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
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Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab...
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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 28, 2025

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Naïve CD4 T Lymphocytes
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The Role of Gamma Delta T Cells in Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases.

Ilan Bank1

  • 1Rheumatology Unit, Autoimmunity Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 52621, Israel.

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|February 23, 2020
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Summary

Gamma delta T cells, crucial in immunity, are implicated in autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs). Research explores their role in ARD pathogenesis, potentially leading to new treatments for these chronic inflammatory conditions.

Keywords:
ankylosing spondylitisgammadelta T cellsjuvenile idiopathic arthritisrheumatoid arthritissystemic lupus erythematosussystemic sclerosis

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs) affect 1-1.5% of the population, causing significant morbidity and mortality.
  • Early research in the 1990s noted numerical alterations in gamma delta (γδ) T cells in ARD patients, sparking interest in their role.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current literature on the role of γδ T cells in major autoimmune rheumatic diseases.
  • To explore how understanding γδ T cell biology can illuminate ARD pathogenesis and inform new therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive review of published studies on γδ T cells in rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and scleroderma.
  • Analysis of findings from both human patients and relevant animal models.

Main Results:

  • γδ T cells exhibit numerical changes in peripheral blood and affected tissues in various ARDs.
  • Advances in understanding γδ T cell antigens, development, activation, and cytokine profiles are crucial for analyzing their pathological contribution.

Conclusions:

  • γδ T cells possess unique innate and adaptive immune functions relevant to ARD pathogenesis.
  • Deeper insights into γδ T cell biology offer potential for novel therapeutic strategies for autoimmune rheumatic diseases.