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Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
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Oppositional Defiant Disorder01:30

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A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 28, 2025

Event Related Potentials ERPs and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD
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BOLD differences normally attributed to inhibitory control predict symptoms, not task-directed inhibitory control in

Andre Chevrier1, Russell J Schachar2

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.

Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
|February 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Brain activity in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may redirect neural resources from cognitive control to managing symptoms. This study found that brain regions correlated with inhibitory control efficiency in typically developing individuals instead correlated with ADHD symptoms.

Keywords:
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorderFunctional magnetic resonance imagingHyperactivityInattentionInhibitionStop signal reaction timeStop signal task

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Altered brain activity in ADHD during cognitive control tasks is often seen as under- or over-activity compared to controls.
  • An alternative hypothesis suggests brain activity may redirect resources from task control to managing ADHD symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test if brain activity differences in ADHD during inhibitory control tasks correlate with symptoms rather than task performance.
  • To investigate the neural basis of cognitive control in ADHD.

Main Methods:

  • fMRI was used in adolescents with ADHD and typically developing (TD) controls performing the stop-signal task (SST).
  • BOLD differences were analyzed across SST phases and correlated with stop-signal reaction time (SSRT) and symptom scores.

Main Results:

  • In TD individuals, SSRT correlated with activity in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and hypothalamus.
  • In ADHD, these regions correlated with inattentive and hyperactive symptoms, not SSRT, suggesting a redirection of neural resources.

Conclusions:

  • Brain activity in ADHD during inhibitory control tasks appears to be directed towards managing symptoms rather than task performance.
  • This finding has implications for understanding and developing interventions for ADHD.