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Can rumen bacteria communicate to each other?

Mi-Young Won1, Linda B Oyama2, Stephen J Courtney2

  • 1Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Penglais Campus, Aberystwyth, SY23 3DA, UK.

Microbiome
|February 23, 2020
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Summary

Bacterial communication through autoinducer-2 (AI-2) based quorum sensing (QS) is widespread in the rumen microbiome. This study reveals that AI-2 QS is prevalent in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, impacting plant-microbe interactions.

Keywords:
AI-2Acyl-homoserine lactoneBacteriaLuxSQuorum sensingRumen

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Microbial Ecology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • The rumen harbors diverse microbes crucial for nutrient degradation and fermentation.
  • Bacterial communication via quorum sensing (QS) is vital for biofilm formation and function.
  • Understanding cell-to-cell communication in the rumen microbiome is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and distribution of QS-related genes in rumen bacteria.
  • To determine the expression levels of QS genes in the rumen environment.
  • To elucidate the role of QS in rumen microbial communities.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-based analysis of 448 rumen bacterial genomes from the Hungate collection and Genbank.
  • Identification and distribution analysis of homoserine lactone (AHL)-based and AI-2 Lux-based QS genes.
  • Analysis of rumen metatranscriptome datasets to confirm gene expression.

Main Results:

  • AHL-based QS genes were found in only one Gram-negative species.
  • Lux-based AI-2 QS genes were identified in 38.2% of analyzed genomes (191), present in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
  • Abundant rumen genera like Prevotella showed high expression of LuxS, indicating significant AI-2 QS activity.

Conclusions:

  • AI-2-based quorum sensing is a prevalent communication system in the rumen microbiome.
  • This study provides comprehensive insights into QS mechanisms in the rumen.
  • Findings enhance understanding of plant-microbe interactions within the rumen ecosystem.