Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose01:16

Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose

6.1K
Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
6.1K
Glucose Transporters01:27

Glucose Transporters

27.0K
Glucose transporters facilitate the transport of glucose across the cell membrane. In addition to glucose, some glucose transporters can also aid the movement of other hexoses such as fructose, mannose, and galactose.
Facilitated diffusion-glucose transporters (GLUTs) are encoded by the solute-linked carrier (SLC) family 2, subfamily A gene family, or SLC2A. The 14 GLUT protein members are distributed into three classes:
27.0K
Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

729
Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
729
Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose01:02

Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose

3.6K
Carbohydrates consumed through foods are converted into glucose, a crucial energy source for the body. In the prandial state, high blood glucose levels stimulate the secretion of insulin from the pancreas. Insulin inhibits hepatic glucose production and stimulates glucose uptake and metabolism by muscle and adipose tissue. The excess glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles.
During fasting, when blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas secretes glucagon. it...
3.6K
Glucose Absorption Into the Small Intestine01:26

Glucose Absorption Into the Small Intestine

34.4K
Complex carbohydrates consumed cannot be absorbed into the small intestine in their original form. First, they must be hydrolyzed to a monosaccharide form such as glucose or galactose. These monosaccharides are then transported across the intestinal membrane and into the blood via transcellular transport. The intestinal epithelial cells allow the movement of these monosaccharides with a defined 'entry' through membrane transporter proteins present on their apical membrane and...
34.4K
Overview of Carbohydrate Metabolism01:19

Overview of Carbohydrate Metabolism

3.0K
Carbohydrate metabolism is a fundamental biochemical process that ensures a constant supply of energy to living cells. The most important carbohydrate is glucose, which can be broken down via glycolysis to enter into the Krebs cycle and eventually lead to the production of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
Glucose transport into cells is facilitated by a family of transport proteins called GLUT (Glucose Transporters). GLUT4 is the primary glucose transporter for insulin-stimulated glucose...
3.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mind-body exercise interventions in older adults with dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Journal of bodywork and movement therapies·2026
Same author

Effect of Dual-task Exercise on Cognition and Dual-task Cost in the Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized Pilot Study.

CNS & neurological disorders drug targets·2026
Same author

Case management by Norwegian municipal dementia resource teams - fulfilling the role.

Aging & mental health·2026
Same author

Sleep alterations in substance use disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

EClinicalMedicine·2026
Same author

Potentially inappropriate medications related to two-year progression of mild cognitive impairment and dementia.

European journal of clinical pharmacology·2026
Same author

UNIversity students' LIFEstyle behaviours and Mental health cohort (UNILIFE-M): study protocol of a multicentre, prospective cohort study.

BMJ open·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 28, 2025

Osmotic Minipump Implantation for Increasing Glucose Concentration in Mouse Cerebrospinal Fluid
06:21

Osmotic Minipump Implantation for Increasing Glucose Concentration in Mouse Cerebrospinal Fluid

Published on: April 7, 2023

2.0K

Does hyperglycemia downregulate glucose transporters in the brain?

Luana Lemos Leão1, Gro Tangen2, Maria Lage Barca2

  • 1Post-graduate Program of Health Sciences, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Medical Hypotheses
|February 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Diabetes-related hyperglycemia may impair memory by downregulating glucose transporters (GLUTs) in the brain. This study explores how gene networks in hyperglycemia affect GLUTs and cognitive function.

More Related Videos

Live Images of GLUT4 Protein Trafficking in Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neurons Using Deconvolution Microscopy
08:47

Live Images of GLUT4 Protein Trafficking in Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neurons Using Deconvolution Microscopy

Published on: December 7, 2017

10.1K
Author Spotlight: Investigating the Blood Glucose Homeostasis in Murine Brain Using a Cost-Effective Hyperglycemic And Hypoglycemic Clamp Technique
07:35

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Blood Glucose Homeostasis in Murine Brain Using a Cost-Effective Hyperglycemic And Hypoglycemic Clamp Technique

Published on: January 26, 2024

2.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 28, 2025

Osmotic Minipump Implantation for Increasing Glucose Concentration in Mouse Cerebrospinal Fluid
06:21

Osmotic Minipump Implantation for Increasing Glucose Concentration in Mouse Cerebrospinal Fluid

Published on: April 7, 2023

2.0K
Live Images of GLUT4 Protein Trafficking in Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neurons Using Deconvolution Microscopy
08:47

Live Images of GLUT4 Protein Trafficking in Mouse Primary Hypothalamic Neurons Using Deconvolution Microscopy

Published on: December 7, 2017

10.1K
Author Spotlight: Investigating the Blood Glucose Homeostasis in Murine Brain Using a Cost-Effective Hyperglycemic And Hypoglycemic Clamp Technique
07:35

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Blood Glucose Homeostasis in Murine Brain Using a Cost-Effective Hyperglycemic And Hypoglycemic Clamp Technique

Published on: January 26, 2024

2.0K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus is characterized by hyperglycemia, potentially leading to cognitive decline, particularly memory deficits.
  • Insulin resistance is implicated as a key factor in diabetes-associated memory impairment.
  • Glucose transporters (GLUTs), specifically GLUT-1 and GLUT-3, are crucial for brain glucose uptake and are known to be downregulated in hyperglycemia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms of glucose transport in the context of diabetes.
  • To investigate the influence of hyperglycemia on cognitive functions, specifically memory.
  • To propose a hypothesis on how gene network interactions in hyperglycemia contribute to the downregulation of brain glucose transporters.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on diabetes, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and cognitive function.
  • Analysis of the role of glucose transporters (GLUTs) in brain glucose metabolism.
  • Formulation of a hypothetical model linking peripheral hyperglycemia, gene networks, and GLUT downregulation.

Main Results:

  • Peripheral hyperglycemia is associated with memory decline, potentially mediated by insulin resistance.
  • Evidence indicates a downregulation of GLUT-1 and GLUT-3 in conditions of chronic hyperglycemia.
  • A gene network interaction model is proposed to explain the link between hyperglycemia and reduced glucose transporter expression.

Conclusions:

  • Hyperglycemia in diabetes can negatively impact cognitive function, including memory, through mechanisms involving glucose transport.
  • Downregulation of brain glucose transporters (GLUT-1, GLUT-3) is a likely consequence of chronic hyperglycemia.
  • Further research into gene network interactions is warranted to fully understand and potentially mitigate diabetes-related cognitive deficits.