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Updated: Dec 28, 2025

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
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Epigenetic age signatures in bones.

Hwan Young Lee1, Sae Rom Hong2, Ji Eun Lee3

  • 1Department of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Anthropological and Forensic Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Forensic Science International. Genetics
|February 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

DNA methylation shows promise for predicting age from skeletal remains. Researchers identified specific CpG sites in bone DNA that correlate with age, aiding in forensic identification.

Keywords:
Age predictionBoneDNA methylation

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Epigenetics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Age prediction from skeletal remains is crucial for identifying missing persons.
  • Traditional methods like odontology and anthropology have limitations.
  • DNA methylation offers a promising biomarker for age estimation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate DNA methylation for age prediction in skeletal remains.
  • To identify reliable CpG (cytosine-guanine dinucleotide) sites for bone DNA methylation profiling.
  • To develop a cost-effective method for age estimation using limited bone DNA samples.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling of 32 bone samples using Illumina's MethylationEPIC BeadChip array.
  • Calculation of methylation ages using a skin & blood clock (391 CpG sites).
  • Selection and validation of age-associated CpG markers using SNaPshot multiplex method on independent bone samples.

Main Results:

  • Methylation ages closely matched actual ages (MAD = 6.4 years) in a subset of samples.
  • Low success rate in methylation profiling of bone DNA using the array.
  • Four CpG sites (TMEM51, TRIM59, ELOVL2, EPHA6) showed moderate to weak age correlations, requiring further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • DNA methylation is a viable tool for age prediction in forensic anthropology.
  • Developing targeted assays for specific CpG sites is necessary due to challenges with array-based profiling of bone DNA.
  • Further research is needed to validate identified CpG markers for robust age estimation from skeletal remains.