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Related Concept Videos

Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...
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Author Spotlight: A Pipeline to Analyze Lineage-Specific Mutant Embryos at Single-Cell Resolution
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Untangling early embryo development using single cell genomics.

Ramiro Alberio1

  • 1School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK.

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|February 24, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early mammalian development involves cell divisions and lineage segregation. Advanced single-cell technologies reveal gene networks and epigenetic control in embryogenesis, with applications in livestock.

Keywords:
Cell lineagesEmbryoPluripotencySingle cell genomics

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Genomics
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Mammalian embryogenesis involves zygote cell divisions and lineage segregation for blastocyst formation, creating trophectoderm and inner cell mass.
  • This process is conserved across mammals, but recent single-cell transcriptomics offers novel insights into gene regulatory networks and epigenetic mechanisms.
  • Challenges in analyzing single-cell data due to stochastic gene expression are being overcome by computational tool development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore gene regulatory networks and epigenetic mechanisms controlling mammalian pre-gastrulation development using advanced single-cell technologies.
  • To understand lineage segregation, pluripotency establishment, and signaling pathways in early embryogenesis.
  • To highlight evolutionary adaptations in mammalian embryogenesis revealed by high-throughput transcriptomics.

Main Methods:

  • High-throughput single-cell transcriptomics to analyze gene expression patterns in individual cells.
  • Development of novel computational tools to improve the quality and analysis of single-cell datasets.
  • Integration of single-cell -omics with spatial transcriptomics to map cellular relationships and fate determination.

Main Results:

  • Detailed information on discrete cellular states during mammalian pre-gastrulation development.
  • Insights into the progression of lineage segregation, establishment of pluripotency, and epigenetic regulation.
  • Identification of key signaling pathways involved in early mammalian development.

Conclusions:

  • Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics provide high-resolution maps of embryogenesis, revealing unique evolutionary adaptations.
  • These technologies enhance our understanding of gene regulatory networks and epigenetic control in early development.
  • The application of these technologies holds significant potential for biotechnological applications, particularly in livestock production.