Different strategies for lead detoxification in dwarf bamboo tissues

Dwarf bamboo Sasa argenteostriata (Regel) E.G. Camus is considered as potential plants for metal phytoremediation in previous filed observations. However, the mechanisms of lead (Pb) detoxification has not been described. The objective of this study was to explore the difference strategies or mechanisms of Pb detoxification in plant tissues. In this regard, four Pb treatments with hydroponics including 0 (control), 300, 600, and 900 mg L^-1 were conducted to examine subcellular compartmentalization, Pb accumulation/species and antioxidant-assisted chelation. Our findings showed the retention of Pb by the whip-root system is one of its detoxification mechanisms to avoid damage the shoots. In addition, the cell wall retention is the dominant detoxification strategy of whips, new roots, old roots and new/old stems, while vacuolar compartmentalization is for new/old leaves. Interestingly, four low-mobility/-toxicity Pb species (i.e., FNaCl, FHAc, FHCl and FR) are distributed in roots, whips and stems, while two high-mobility/-toxicity Pb species (FE and FW) in leaves. The conversion of Pb to low-toxicity/-migration is a Pb-detoxification strategy in roots, whips and stems but not in leaves. Besides, the new/old roots and leaves can alleviate Pb damage through the synthesis of non-protein thiol, glutathione and phytochelatins. Among these, phytochelatins play a leading role in the detoxification in new/old roots, while glutathione is in new/old leaves. This study provides the first comprehensive evidence regarding the different strategies for Pb detoxification in dwarf bamboo tissues from physiological to cellular level, supporting that this plant could be rehabilitated for phytoremediation in Pb-contaminated media.