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Related Concept Videos

Asthma-I: Introduction01:29

Asthma-I: Introduction

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
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Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

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Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
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Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
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Asthma-III: Symptoms and Complications01:24

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Asthma-IV: Diagnostic and Management01:30

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The diagnosis and management of asthma are comprehensive, encompassing clinical assessments, lung function tests, and pharmacological interventions. Here's an overview:
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Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
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Related Experiment Video

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A Component-resolved Diagnostic Approach for a Study on Grass Pollen Allergens in Chinese Southerners with Allergic Rhinitis and/or Asthma
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Are asthmatics more sensitive to irritants?

Gunnar Johanson1

  • 1Integrative Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health
|February 24, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Asthma patients exhibit heightened sensitivity to airborne irritants compared to healthy individuals. Current exposure limits may not adequately protect asthmatics, necessitating a revised approach to safety guidelines.

Keywords:
Assessment factorBenchmark concentration analysisExposure limitGuidance valueSulfur dioxideVulnerable groups

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Asthma is an inflammatory airway disease causing hyper-responsiveness to irritants.
  • It is speculated that asthmatics react to lower irritant concentrations than healthy individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review scientific evidence on asthmatics' sensitivity to air irritants.
  • To assess the consideration of asthma in setting exposure limits and guidance values.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of experimental studies comparing healthy and asthmatic subjects.
  • Analysis of available data for specific irritants, including sulfur dioxide.
  • Benchmark concentration analysis to determine sensitivity differences.

Main Results:

  • Experimental studies comparing healthy and asthmatic subjects are often inconclusive.
  • Asthmatics may be up to three-fold more sensitive to certain irritants.
  • Sulfur dioxide data suggest a nine-fold difference in sensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • Available data on asthmatics' sensitivity to irritants are underutilized by expert committees and industry.
  • A default assessment factor of 10 is suggested for setting exposure limits for irritants.
  • Exposure limits and guidance values need to better account for asthma-related hypersensitivity.