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Oral Biofilm Sampling for Microbiome Analysis in Healthy Children
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Single-Cell Genomics and the Oral Microbiome.

M Balachandran1, K L Cross1,2, M Podar1

  • 1Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.

Journal of Dental Research
|February 25, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Researchers are using single-cell genomics to study uncultured oral bacteria, advancing our understanding of oral health and disease. This approach aims to cultivate all oral microbes, improving prevention and treatment of oral dysbiosis.

Keywords:
bacteriabiofilmsbioinformaticsdysbiosismicrobial ecologymicrobiology

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genomics
  • Oral Health

Background:

  • The human oral cavity hosts a complex microbiota, with ~200 bacterial types remaining uncultured.
  • These uncultured bacteria are linked to both oral health and diseases like dental caries and gum disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in studying uncultured oral microorganisms.
  • To highlight the potential for cultivating the entire oral microbiome.

Main Methods:

  • Single-cell genomics for inferring physiology, virulence, and evolution of uncultured microbes.
  • Combining traditional microbiology with genomic predictions for isolation and cultivation.

Main Results:

  • Single-cell genomics has enabled insights into uncultured oral bacteria.
  • Novel oral bacteria and interspecies interactions have been discovered.
  • Progress is being made towards the physiologic characterization and cultivation of previously uncultured species.

Conclusions:

  • Advancements in single-cell genomics and cultivation strategies are crucial for understanding oral dysbiosis.
  • The oral microbiome may become the first fully cultivable complex microbial community.
  • Studying microbial interactions is key to preventing and reversing oral diseases.