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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 27, 2025

Ligand-Mediated Nucleation and Growth of Palladium Metal Nanoparticles
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Single-Molecule Mechanics in Ligand Concentration Gradient.

Balázs Kretzer1, Bálint Kiss1, Hedvig Tordai1

  • 1Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary.

Micromachines
|February 26, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a microfluidic method to precisely control ligand concentrations for single-molecule experiments. This technique enables detailed kinetic and mechanical studies on individual biomolecules without solution changes.

Keywords:
concentration gradientdiffusionfluorescenceforce spectroscopymicrofluidicsoptical tweezers

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Single-molecule experiments offer unparalleled mechanistic insights into biomolecular processes.
  • Measuring ligand-concentration-dependent effects on the same single molecule is experimentally challenging due to the need for solution exchange.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel microfluidic approach for controlled ligand concentration exposure in single-molecule studies.
  • To enable transient-kinetic, equilibrium, and mechanical measurements on the identical single molecule across varying ligand concentrations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a laminar-flow microfluidic device to establish a diffusion-dependent concentration gradient.
  • Employing a double-trap optical tweezers instrument to mechanically manipulate a single λ-phage dsDNA molecule.
  • Exposing the DNA molecule to diffusionally-controlled concentrations of SYTOX Orange (SxO) and tetrakis(4-N-methyl)pyridyl-porphyrin (TMPYP).

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated successful generation of diffusionally-controlled ligand concentrations within the microfluidic device.
  • Showcased the ability to perform multiple types of measurements (kinetic, equilibrium, mechanical) on the same single DNA molecule.
  • Validated the experimental design for precise ligand concentration control in single-molecule biophysics.

Conclusions:

  • The developed microfluidic strategy overcomes limitations in traditional single-molecule experiments.
  • This method provides a powerful tool for detailed characterization of biomolecular interactions and dynamics.
  • Facilitates advanced investigations into ligand-dependent molecular behavior at the single-molecule level.