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Updated: Dec 27, 2025

A Three-Dimensional Spheroid Model to Investigate the Tumor-Stromal Interaction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Published on: September 30, 2021
Molecular Signaling Pathways and Therapeutic Targets in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Manali Dimri1, Ande Satyanarayana1
1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Oncology & Biomarkers Program, Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Room-CN3144, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
Abstract:
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a complex biological process and is often diagnosed at advanced stages with no effective treatment options. With advances in tumor biology and molecular genetic profiling, several different signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms have been identified as responsible for initiating and promoting HCC. Targeting these critical pathways, which include the receptor tyrosine kinase pathways, the Ras mitogen-activated protein kinase (Ras/Raf/MAPK), the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, the ubiquitin/proteasome degradation and the hedgehog signaling pathway has led to the identification of novel therapeutics for HCC treatment. In this review, we elaborated on our current understanding of the signaling pathways involved in the development and initiation of HCC and anticipate the potential targets for therapeutic drug development.
Insights
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) involves complex signaling pathways. Targeting these pathways offers potential for novel therapeutics in HCC treatment.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Molecular Biology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is frequently diagnosed at advanced stages, presenting limited treatment options.
- Advances in molecular profiling reveal key signaling pathways driving HCC initiation and progression.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current understanding of signaling pathways in HCC development.
- To identify potential therapeutic targets for HCC drug development.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of signaling pathways implicated in HCC.
- Analysis of molecular genetic profiling data related to HCC.
Main Results:
- Identified critical pathways: receptor tyrosine kinase, Ras/Raf/MAPK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Wnt/β-catenin, ubiquitin/proteasome, and hedgehog signaling.
- These pathways are crucial for HCC initiation and promotion.
Conclusions:
- Targeting identified signaling pathways has led to novel HCC therapeutics.
- Further research into these pathways can guide future drug development for HCC.
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