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Blind Procedures

Blind Procedures

Ideally, the people who observe and record the children’s behavior are unaware of who was assigned to the experimental or control group, in order to control for experimenter bias. Experimenter bias refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study. Remember, conducting an experiment requires a lot of planning, and the people involved in the research project have a vested interest in supporting their hypotheses. If the observers knew which...

Blinding

Blinding

Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.

Hindsight Biases

Hindsight Biases

Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now?

Motivational Bias

Motivational Bias

Cognitive bias results from limitations in thinking and information processing, leading to systematic errors in judgment. Conversely, motivational bias stems from personal desires or emotions, causing distortions in perception to align with self-interest. Motivational bias influences how individuals perceive and attribute causes to events, often shaped by personal needs, goals, and self-esteem preservation. This bias can distort judgment, leading to inaccurate assessments of success, failure,...

Social Facilitation

Social Facilitation

Not all intergroup interactions lead to negative outcomes. Sometimes, being in a group situation can improve performance. Social facilitation occurs when an individual performs better when an audience is watching than when the individual performs the behavior alone. This typically occurs when people are performing a task for which they are skilled.

Halo Effect

Halo Effect

The halo effect is a cognitive bias in which an individual's overall impression influences judgments about their specific traits. This psychological phenomenon leads people to associate positive characteristics with those they perceive as generally good and negative characteristics with those they view as bad. This effect is particularly influential in social perception, professional evaluations, and decision-making processes.The Psychological Basis of the Halo EffectThe halo effect is rooted...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 27, 2025

A Method for Investigating Change Blindness in Pigeons Columba Livia

A Method for Investigating Change Blindness in Pigeons Columba Livia

Published on: September 7, 2018

On Hope, Privilege, and Blind Spots.

Rebecca de Souza¹

¹University of Minnesota, Duluth.

Health Communication

|February 26, 2020

Summary

This essay explores how to ethically represent hope in research with disenfranchised communities. It guides researchers in constructing hope without romanticization, fostering genuine community engagement and impactful writing.

Area of Science:

Social Sciences
Research Methodology
Community Engagement

Background:

Hope is crucial for disenfranchised communities, serving as both an ontological need and political imperative.
Traditional research often struggles to authentically represent or foster hope, risking romanticization or individual exceptionalism.
The author's prior work, 'Feeding the Other: Whiteness, Privilege, and Neoliberal Stigma in Food Pantries,' initiated reflections on political reflexivity in writing.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine the importance of representing and articulating hope in research and writing concerning disenfranchised communities.
To explore methods for constructing hope within the research process, avoiding pitfalls like romanticization and 'bootstraps' thinking.
To understand how research writing on hope is perceived and experienced by the communities it addresses.

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Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

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Last Updated: Dec 27, 2025

A Method for Investigating Change Blindness in Pigeons Columba Livia

A Method for Investigating Change Blindness in Pigeons Columba Livia

Published on: September 7, 2018

A Standardized Obstacle Course for Assessment of Visual Function in Ultra Low Vision and Artificial Vision

A Standardized Obstacle Course for Assessment of Visual Function in Ultra Low Vision and Artificial Vision

Published on: February 11, 2014

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

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Published on: April 11, 2025

Main Methods:

The essay employs a reflective approach, drawing on the author's experiences in writing her book.
It analyzes the integration of political reflexivity in academic writing.
A specific classroom experience is discussed as a catalyst for understanding the limitations of reflexive practice and developing new insights.

Main Results:

Political reflexivity is a vital component in writing about sensitive topics, but its limits can be illuminated by practical experience.
Constructing hope requires careful consideration to avoid individual exceptionalism and promote authentic representation.
The author's journey offers a model for researchers aiming to write collaboratively and effectively with marginalized groups.

Conclusions:

Ethical and effective research writing with disenfranchised communities necessitates a nuanced approach to articulating hope.
The process involves continuous self-reflection and adaptation, informed by community engagement and critical analysis of research practices.
This work provides a framework for scholars seeking to foster genuine hope and meaningful dialogue through their writing.