Rib Cage Stabilisation With 3D-Printed Polyethylene Sternal Prosthesis Post-Sternotomy Mediastinitis.

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Surgical Innovation
• Chest Wall Reconstruction

Background:

• Post-sternotomy mediastinitis (PSM) is a severe complication after median sternotomy, carrying a high mortality risk.
• Standard management involves debridement and vascularized flap closure.
• Sternal prostheses are considered for extensive resections to maintain chest wall stability and aesthetics.

Observation:

• A patient with a 10 cm chest wall defect resulting from post-sternotomy mediastinitis underwent reconstruction.
• An individualized, three-dimensional (3D)-printed high-density polyethylene (HDPE) sternum prosthesis was implanted.

Findings:

• The chest wall reconstruction was performed without complications.
• The patient tolerated the implantation well, showing no cardiorespiratory compromise.
• Postoperative wound healing was successful, with stable chest wall integrity noted at follow-up.

Implications:

• 3D-printed HDPE sternal prostheses represent a viable alternative for closing large chest wall defects in patients with sternal erosion post-mediastinitis.
• This technique can restore structural integrity and improve cosmetic outcomes.
• Further research into 3D-printed implants for complex chest wall reconstruction is warranted.