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Context-Dependence in parasite effects on keyhole limpets.

M Aldana1, J Pulgar2, B Hernández2

  • 1Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CiiCC), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Ejército 146, Santiago, Chile; Programa de Doctorado en Conservación y Gestión de la Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Ejército 146, Santiago, Chile.

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Summary

Parasites impact host energy budgets, but high productivity sites can mitigate negative effects. In this study, parasitized limpets in productive upwelling zones showed enhanced growth and reproduction, suggesting a shift towards mutualism.

Keywords:
Energy budgetFood availabilityHost-parasite interactionsLife history traitsUpwelling

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Parasitology
  • Marine Biology

Background:

  • Parasites significantly influence host growth, reproduction, and energy budgets.
  • Ecological factors, particularly food availability, are hypothesized to mediate host-parasite interactions.
  • The impact of nutrient input on parasite infection dynamics in natural systems remains under-explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of Proctoeces humboldti parasitism on Fissurella crassa limpets.
  • To assess how varying natural productivity levels (upwelling vs. upwelling shadow sites) influence host-parasite interactions.
  • To evaluate the impact of parasitism on limpet body size, reproductive output (GSI), and metabolic rate (oxygen consumption).

Main Methods:

  • Field collection of parasitized and non-parasitized Fissurella crassa limpets from contrasting coastal upwelling and upwelling shadow sites.
  • Measurement of limpet shell length, muscular foot biomass, and gonadosomatic index (GSI).
  • Quantification of oxygen consumption to determine metabolic rate in different host-parasite and environmental conditions.

Main Results:

  • Parasitized limpets from productive upwelling sites exhibited larger shell length, greater muscular foot biomass, and higher GSI compared to non-parasitized limpets and those from less productive sites.
  • Oxygen consumption was significantly lower in parasitized limpets from upwelling sites, indicating reduced metabolic stress.
  • These findings suggest that increased productivity can ameliorate the negative impacts of parasitism on host fitness.

Conclusions:

  • High productivity in upwelling environments can mitigate resource competition between Proctoeces humboldti and Fissurella crassa.
  • The host-parasite interaction may shift towards mutualism in resource-rich conditions, influencing the distribution of such interactions.
  • Understanding host-parasite dynamics across diverse ecological settings is crucial for ecological and evolutionary insights and conservation efforts.