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Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
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The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
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Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or...
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The amygdala is a small, almond-shaped structure responsible for processing and storing memories, particularly those linked to emotions like fear and stress. It plays an essential role in the brain's response to emotionally significant events and often enhances memory formation by triggering stress hormone release. The amygdala is vital for encoding and retrieving memories associated with fear or stress, a process that is adaptive by helping organisms avoid dangerous situations.
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Long-Term Memory01:18

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Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
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The hippocampus, a critical brain structure, plays an essential role in memory processing, particularly in the formation and retrieval of memory. This small, seahorse-shaped region is located within the medial temporal lobe, with one hippocampus in each brain hemisphere. Experimental studies involving lesions in the hippocampi of rats have demonstrated significant impairments in tasks such as object recognition and maze navigation, indicating the hippocampus involvement in both recognition and...
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An Appetitive Spatial Working Memory Task for Mice in a Semi-Automated 8-Arm Radial Maze, Reducing Fearful Memory Association in the Maze
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Crows control working memory before and after stimulus encoding.

Erica Fongaro1, Jonas Rose2

  • 1Faculty of Psychology, Neural Basis of Learning, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801, Bochum, Germany.

Scientific Reports
|February 26, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Crows, like humans, use attention to manage their working memory. Both before and after stimuli presentation, attention cues improved crow performance, indicating advanced cognitive control.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Animal Cognition
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Working memory capacity is finite and crucial for cognitive tasks.
  • Humans utilize attention to optimize working memory, even after stimulus presentation.
  • Previous research suggests comparable working memory limits in crows and primates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if crows possess attentional control mechanisms for working memory similar to humans.
  • To determine if crows can utilize attention cues presented before or after stimuli to enhance working memory performance.

Main Methods:

  • Two crows (Corvus corone) were trained on a working memory task with varying loads (2, 4, or 6 visual stimuli).
  • Attention cues (pre-cue or retro-cue) were presented to indicate the critical stimulus.
  • Performance was compared between trials with and without cues.

Main Results:

  • Crow performance decreased as the working memory load increased.
  • Both pre- and retro-cues significantly enhanced the crows' performance.
  • Crows demonstrated the ability to use attention to select relevant stimuli for working memory maintenance.

Conclusions:

  • Crows exhibit sophisticated attentional control over working memory, mirroring human capabilities.
  • The findings suggest crows can optimize working memory even after stimuli are encoded.
  • This implies crows possess efficient executive control mechanisms for working memory.