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Related Concept Videos

Redox Reactions01:27

Redox Reactions

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Redox reactions are vital biochemical processes that underpin energy metabolism in cells. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, occurring in tandem as oxidation and reduction. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons, while reduction denotes their gain. This coupling ensures the seamless flow of electrons through metabolic pathways. For example, in bacterial metabolism, glucose undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide, while oxygen is simultaneously reduced to...
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Redox Reactions01:24

Redox Reactions

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Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...
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Redox Equilibria: Overview01:23

Redox Equilibria: Overview

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A reduction-oxidation reaction is commonly called a redox reaction. In a redox reaction, electrons are transferred from one species to another rather than being shared between or among atoms. The reducing agent or reductant is the species that loses electrons and gets oxidized in the process. The species that gains electrons and gets reduced in the process is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Redox reactions are represented as two separate equations called half-reactions, where one equation...
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Redox Titration: Overview01:21

Redox Titration: Overview

4.8K
Redox titration is a chemical analysis technique used to determine the concentration of an unknown substance by measuring the electron transfer in a redox (reduction-oxidation) reaction. The process involves gradually adding a titrant with a known concentration of an oxidizing or reducing agent, to the analyte, the solution with an unknown concentration, until reaching the endpoint, which indicates the completion of the reaction between the two substances. Ensuring the analyte is in a single...
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Oxidation and Reduction of Organic Molecules01:19

Oxidation and Reduction of Organic Molecules

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Energy production within a cell involves many coordinated chemical pathways. Most of these pathways are combinations of oxidation and reduction reactions, which occur at the same time. An oxidation reaction strips an electron from an atom in a compound, and the addition of this electron to another compound is a reduction reaction. Because oxidation and reduction usually occur together, these pairs of reactions are called redox reactions.
The removal of an electron from a molecule, results in a...
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Redox Titration: Other Oxidizing and Reducing Agents01:26

Redox Titration: Other Oxidizing and Reducing Agents

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Besides iodine, other oxidizing or reducing agents can serve as titrants in redox titrations. Common oxidizing titrants include KMnO4, cerium(IV), and K2Cr2O7. The choice of oxidizing titrants depends on factors like stability, cost, analyte strength, and reaction rate between the analyte and titrant. KMnO4 is a strong oxidizing titrant that reduces from Mn(VII) to Mn(II) in a highly acidic solution, simultaneously oxidizing the analyte to a higher oxidation state. In this case, KMnO4 acts as a...
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Cellular Redox Profiling Using High-content Microscopy
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Redox Is a Global Biodevice Information Processing Modality.

Eunkyoung Kim1, Jinyang Li2, Mijeong Kang1

  • 1Institute for Bioscience & Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.

Proceedings of the IEEE. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
|February 26, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Biology communicates via molecular signals, electrical signals, and a newly identified redox signaling modality. This redox communication, involving electron flow, bridges biological systems and electronic devices using electrochemistry.

Keywords:
bioelectronicselectrobiofabricationmolecular communicationreverse engineeringsignal processing

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Systems Biology
  • Bio-electronics

Background:

  • Biological systems utilize molecular and electrical signaling for communication.
  • Emerging evidence points to a third modality: redox signaling via electron flow.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the redox signaling modality in biology.
  • To demonstrate redox-based communication between biological systems and electronic devices.
  • To explore applications in synthetic biology and information theory.

Main Methods:

  • Explanation of the redox signaling modality.
  • Description of electrochemical measurement techniques.
  • Presentation of four case studies illustrating bio-electronic communication via redox.

Main Results:

  • Redox probing successfully acquired biologically relevant information.
  • Redox inputs transduced biological transitions for patterning.
  • A synthetic biology transceiver was induced for two-hop molecular communication.
  • Electrochemical methods provide global access to biological information.

Conclusions:

  • Redox signaling offers a unique bridge for bio-device communication.
  • Simple electrochemical methods facilitate global access to biological information.
  • Redox may enable the application of information theory in biological sciences.