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Hepatitis B vaccination and immunotherapies: an update
Cristina Stasi1,2, Caterina Silvestri1, Fabio Voller1
1Observatory of Epidemiology, Regional Health Agency of Tuscany, Florence, Italy.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection affects millions globally. While infant vaccination is crucial, therapeutic vaccines show promise for treating chronic HBV, especially with combination therapies.
Area of Science:
- Hepatology
- Immunology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection impacts 257 million people worldwide.
- Prevalence is highest in the WHO Western Pacific (6.2%) and African (6.1%) Regions.
- The HBV vaccine is the primary prevention against chronic infection and its sequelae.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the potential of therapeutic vaccination in managing chronic HBV infection.
- To explore the role of combination therapies in enhancing therapeutic vaccine efficacy.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing data on therapeutic vaccination in HBV infection.
- Analysis of results from murine models and human clinical trials.
- Assessment of immune responses targeting infected hepatocytes.
Main Results:
- Therapeutic vaccination can induce anti-HBV immune responses.
- Promising results observed in preclinical and early human studies.
- Efficacy appears enhanced when therapeutic vaccines are combined with other treatments.
Conclusions:
- Therapeutic vaccination offers a potential strategy for treating chronic HBV infection.
- Further multicenter clinical studies are necessary to validate these findings.
- Combination therapies may improve outcomes for patients receiving therapeutic vaccines.
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