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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

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The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
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Additional Routes of Drug Administration01:18

Additional Routes of Drug Administration

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Choosing the appropriate route of drug administration is significantly influenced by two key factors: the therapeutic objectives and the inherent properties of the drug being used.
Administering drugs via inhalation allows for the direct delivery of gaseous, volatile substances or droplets to different parts of the respiratory tract. One of the advantages of the inhalation route is the rapid absorption of drugs into the circulatory system, which is possible because of the large surface area of...
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Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral01:25

Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral

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The administration of drugs via parenteral routes allows for direct drug introduction into the systemic circulation, resulting in high bioavailability because the medication bypasses the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and hepatic metabolism.
The intravenous route (IV) of drug administration can be further categorized into two types. The bolus injection administers the entire dose rapidly, while an intravenous infusion slowly delivers smaller doses steadily.
The IV route is often...
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Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions01:24

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions

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Intermittent intravenous (IV) infusion is a method of drug administration where medications are delivered over short infusion periods followed by intervals of no drug delivery. This approach helps to prevent sustained high drug concentrations in the bloodstream, reducing the risk of adverse effects associated with prolonged exposure. Unlike continuous infusion, steady-state concentrations may not be achieved during a single dosing cycle but can be reached through repeated...
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Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Repetitive IV Injections01:21

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Repetitive IV Injections

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Calculating drug dosage and accumulation in multiple-dose regimens is crucial for achieving therapeutic efficacy while avoiding toxicity. This involves determining the plasma drug concentrations over time to optimize dosing schedules. The principle of superposition is fundamental in this process, allowing for the prediction of drug concentration in plasma following multiple doses based on single-dose data.The principle of superposition asserts that the plasma concentration-time curves from...
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Routes of Drug Administration: Overview01:22

Routes of Drug Administration: Overview

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Drug administration involves delivering drugs to the body through various routes, such as enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral administration refers to drugs absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. They can be swallowed (perorally), placed under the tongue (sublingually), or on the inner lining of the cheeks (buccally). Perorally administered drugs take time to be absorbed and have a slower onset of action. The rectal route is another form of enteral administration, which allows for...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 27, 2025

Intraventricular Drug Delivery and Sampling for Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Study
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Intraventricular Drug Delivery and Sampling for Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Study

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Intracerebroventricular drug administration.

Arthur J Atkinson1

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University Chicago, Illinois, USA.

Translational and Clinical Pharmacology
|February 26, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intracerebroventricular (ICV) drug administration is an understudied but valuable method for delivering medications directly to the central nervous system (CNS). This technique effectively treats CNS diseases while minimizing harmful systemic side effects.

Keywords:
CNS cancerCerebrospinal fluid physiologyIntracerebroventricular drug administrationMeningitisPharmacokinetics

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Systemic and Local Drug Delivery for Treating Diseases of the Central Nervous System in Rodent Models
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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Neurology
  • Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

  • The blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricts the passage of many therapeutic agents into the central nervous system (CNS).
  • Conventional drug administration routes often fail to achieve effective CNS drug concentrations.
  • Minimizing systemic toxicity is a critical challenge in treating CNS disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the significance and potential of intracerebroventricular (ICV) drug administration.
  • To explore the utility of ICV administration for drugs with poor BBB penetration.
  • To emphasize the benefits of ICV administration in treating CNS diseases and reducing systemic side effects.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on ICV drug administration.
  • Analysis of ICV administration's efficacy in delivering drugs to the CNS.
  • Evaluation of ICV administration's role in managing CNS infectious and neoplastic diseases.

Main Results:

  • ICV administration bypasses the blood-brain barrier, enabling direct drug delivery to the CNS.
  • This route is effective for administering drugs that do not readily cross the BBB.
  • ICV administration facilitates therapeutic drug concentrations for CNS infections and tumors.
  • Systemic toxicity is significantly reduced compared to other administration routes.

Conclusions:

  • Intracerebroventricular administration is a crucial, albeit underutilized, route for CNS drug delivery.
  • It offers a viable strategy for treating challenging CNS conditions like infections and neoplasms.
  • The ICV route presents a favorable safety profile by minimizing systemic exposure and toxicity.