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Related Concept Videos

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests01:15

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Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
The edrophonium test is a diagnostic tool for myasthenia gravis. It involves...
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Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

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Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 27, 2025

Nerve Ultrasound Protocol to Detect Dysimmune Neuropathies
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[Diagnostics of polyneuropathies].

D Heuß1

  • 1Neurologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Deutschland.

Der Internist
|February 26, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Diagnosing polyneuropathy (PNP) involves patient history, clinical exams, and tests like electromyography. Laboratory and genetic tests, and sometimes nerve biopsies, help identify causes, with many cases having a good prognosis.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Polyneuropathy (PNP) diagnosis relies on patient history, clinical findings, and identifying potential causes like diseases or toxins.
  • Differentiating between axonal and demyelinating PNP is crucial for effective treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline a structured diagnostic approach for polyneuropathy.
  • To detail specific diagnostic methods for various PNP types, including small fiber, amyloid, diabetic, and alcohol-related neuropathies.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical evaluation, including patient history and neurological examination.
  • Electromyography and electroneurography for differentiating PNP types.
  • Laboratory investigations, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, nerve biopsy, and genetic testing based on clinical suspicion.
Keywords:
Alcohol abuseAmyloid neuropathiesDiabetes mellitusDiagnostic certaintySmall fiber neuropathy

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Main Results:

  • Diagnostic strategies are tailored to individual patient context and suspected etiology.
  • Specific diagnostic pathways are highlighted for small fiber, amyloid, diabetic, and alcohol-related polyneuropathies.
  • A significant number of polyneuropathy cases remain unexplained but often present with a favorable prognosis.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive diagnostic workup, integrating various methods, is essential for polyneuropathy diagnosis.
  • Timely and accurate diagnosis influences treatment strategies and patient outcomes.
  • Many unexplained polyneuropathies have a positive prognosis, emphasizing the importance of continued research and patient support.