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Tau, Diabetes and Insulin.

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Tau protein, a key component of neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease, is crucial for microtubule stability and neuronal functions. Its physiological release by neurons suggests potential extracellular roles yet to be fully understood.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Tau protein is the primary component of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  • It is predominantly expressed in the brain, with six isoforms arising from alternative splicing.
  • Tau functions as a microtubule-associated protein (MAP), essential for microtubule assembly and stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the known functions and pathological significance of Tau protein.
  • To highlight Tau's role in neuronal processes and its presence in the extracellular space.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on Tau protein.

Main Results:

  • Tau protein is integral to microtubule dynamics and cellular functions like morphogenesis, division, and trafficking.
  • It plays significant roles in neuronal functions at synapses and nuclei.
  • Tau is physiologically released by neurons, but its extracellular function remains largely unknown.

Conclusions:

  • Tau protein is a critical protein in neuronal health and disease, particularly Alzheimer's.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the function of extracellular Tau.