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Comorbidities in childhood associated with extrauterine growth restriction in preterm infants: a scoping review

M D Martínez-Jiménez1, F J Gómez-García2, M Gil-Campos3

  • 1Neonatology Unit. Reina Sofia University Hospital; Pediatric Research Unit, Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.

European Journal of Pediatrics
|February 26, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) in preterm infants is linked to poor childhood growth, neurodevelopment, and cardiometabolic issues. A standardized definition is needed to better understand long-term outcomes and risks.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatalogy
  • Pediatric Health
  • Developmental Pediatrics

Background:

  • Extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) is a common complication in preterm infants.
  • EUGR can negatively impact short- and long-term health outcomes, including growth, neurological development, and cardiometabolic risk.
  • Existing knowledge on the long-term prognosis of EUGR is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the existing evidence on comorbidities associated with EUGR in childhood.
  • To synthesize current understanding of EUGR's impact on growth, neurodevelopment, and cardiometabolic health.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic scoping review was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers' Manual Methodology and PRISMA-Search Extension.
  • Literature search was performed on MEDLINE and EMBASE databases for studies published up to September 2017.
  • Twenty-four publications were included, with 19 being cohort studies.

Main Results:

  • EUGR in childhood is primarily associated with reduced measures of weight, length, and head circumference.
  • Poor neurodevelopmental outcomes are frequently observed in children with EUGR.
  • Alterations in cardiometabolic risk markers are also linked to EUGR.

Conclusions:

  • EUGR is significantly associated with impaired growth, neurodevelopment, and cardiometabolic alterations in childhood.
  • The current evidence is derived from observational studies with considerable variability in definitions and studied populations.
  • Establishing a gold standard definition for EUGR is crucial for accurate phenotyping and predicting long-term risks.

Keywords:
Extrauterine growth restrictionGrowthOutcome assessmentPretermVery low-birth-weight infant

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