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Discovery of antitumor lectins from rainforest tree root transcriptomes.

Atip Lawanprasert¹, Caitlin A Guinan², Erica A Langford²

¹Department of Biomedical Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States of America.

|February 26, 2020

Summary

Researchers discovered ML6, a novel mannose-binding lectin that targets tumor-specific glycans to induce rapid cancer cell death. This potent lectin differentiates between healthy and malignant cells, offering a new avenue for cancer therapy.

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Area of Science:

Glycoscience
Molecular Biology
Biochemistry

Background:

Glycans, complex sugars on cell surfaces, play crucial roles in cellular signaling.
Aberrant glycosylation is a hallmark of cancer, driving malignancy.
Targeting tumor-specific glycans presents a promising strategy for cancer treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

To report the discovery and characterization of a novel mannose-binding lectin, ML6.
To investigate ML6's selective binding to tumor-specific glycans and its anti-cancer activity.
To explore ML6's potential as a therapeutic agent and biochemical tool in oncology.

Main Methods:

Engineering of ML6 from gene models identified in a tropical rainforest tree root transcriptome.
Glycan binding studies to assess ML6's selectivity.
In vitro evaluation of ML6's anti-cancer activity compared to standard chemotherapeutics.

Main Results:

ML6, a novel lectin with six unique mannose-binding domains, was discovered.
ML6 selectively binds to irregular, tumor-specific glycans.
ML6 exhibits potent anti-tumor activity (>10^5 times more potent than standard chemotherapeutics) and is inactive against healthy cells.

Conclusions:

ML6 differentiates between healthy and malignant cells by exploiting differences in glycosylation pathways.
ML6 represents a novel class of high-valence lectins with significant therapeutic potential.
ML6 and similar lectins can serve as tools for glycomic profiling and the development of carbohydrate-directed cancer therapies.