Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Disorder of Water Balance01:29

Disorder of Water Balance

2.3K
Water balance disorders are medical conditions that occur when there is a deviation from the body's water volume or osmolarity, disrupting normal homeostasis and leading todehydration, hypotonic hydration, hyperhydration, edema, or water intoxication.
Dehydration
Dehydration occurs when the body loses fluids (particularly water).
Causes:
The major causes of dehydration include excessive sweating, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and diuresis.
Signs and Symptoms:
Symptoms primarily include intense...
2.3K
Regulation of Water Intake01:25

Regulation of Water Intake

2.5K
Osmolality refers to the number of solute particles per kilogram of solvent in a solution. Plasma osmolality specifically indicates the total number of solute particles per kilogram of water in blood plasma. This value reflects the body's hydration status and is tightly regulated through mechanisms controlling water intake and output. While water consumption is a conscious decision, the body has intrinsic regulatory systems to maintain fluid balance. Dehydration, a state of water deficit...
2.5K
Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications01:24

Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications

479
DialyzersA hemodialysis (HD) dialyzer is a plastic cartridge containing thousands of parallel hollow fibers, which serve as semipermeable membranes. These fibers are typically made from cellulose-based or other synthetic materials. During HD, blood is pumped into the top of the cartridge and distributed among these fibers. Simultaneously, dialysis fluid, known as dialysate, is introduced into the bottom of the cartridge, bathing the outside of the fibers. Across the semipermeable membrane,...
479
Tonicity in Animals01:16

Tonicity in Animals

5.0K
Tonicity describes the amount of solute in a solution. The measure of the tonicity of a solution, or the total amount of solutes dissolved in a specific amount of solution, is called its osmolarity. Three terms—hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic—are used to relate the osmolarity of a cell to the osmolarity of the extracellular fluid that contains the cells. In a hypotonic solution, such as tap water, the extracellular fluid has a lower concentration of solutes than the fluid inside...
5.0K
Tonicity in Animals00:59

Tonicity in Animals

123.0K
The tonicity of a solution determines if a cell gains or loses water in that solution. The tonicity depends on the permeability of the cell membrane for different solutes and the concentration of nonpenetrating solutes in the solution within and outside of the cell. If a semipermeable membrane hinders the passage of some solutes but allows water to follow its concentration gradient, water moves from the side with low osmolarity (i.e., less solute) to the side with higher osmolarity (i.e.,...
123.0K
Physiology of the Genitourinary System III: Urine Concentration and Dilution01:20

Physiology of the Genitourinary System III: Urine Concentration and Dilution

439
The kidneys concentrate or dilute urine to maintain water and electrolyte balance. Nephrons, particularly the loop of Henle, play a crucial role in this process through the countercurrent multiplication system. This system establishes a high osmolarity in the renal medulla, which is essential for water reabsorption. In the loop of Henle’s descending limb, water is reabsorbed into the surrounding medulla due to its permeability to water. In contrast, the ascending limb actively transports...
439

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Important Lessons Learned From Eliminating Race-Based Medicine in Kidney Care-Praxis and Policy Matter.

JAMA internal medicine·2026
Same author

Genetic Testing for APOL1 in Adults With Hypertension: The GUARDD-US Randomized Clinical Trial.

JAMA network open·2026
Same author

Where Do We Go From Here: The Enduring Harms of Poverty on Transplant Outcomes.

Transplantation·2026
Same author

Harms of terminating NIH grants for kidney disease.

Nature reviews. Nephrology·2025
Same author

Forging a path toward kidney transplant equity through multilevel interventions.

Current opinion in organ transplantation·2025
Same author

Optimizing Care for Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: Leveraging Implementation Science in the Path Toward Pharmacoequity.

Current cardiology reports·2025
Same journal

What Is Hidden Behind Growth Hormone Deficiency? The Neuroradiologist's Perspective.

Frontiers of hormone research·2024
Same journal

Fugitive Acromegaly: A Historical, Clinical, and Translational Perspective.

Frontiers of hormone research·2024
Same journal

Perioperative Mobility Assessment of Acromegalic Patients Undergoing Endoscopic Endonasal Resection of Pituitary Adenomas Using Digital Phenotyping.

Frontiers of hormone research·2024
Same journal

Treatment with Long-Acting Somatostatin Analogues in Patients with Acromegaly: When and How.

Frontiers of hormone research·2024
Same journal

Bone, Metabolic and Mental Detrimental Effects of GHD: Reasons Underlying Replacement Therapy in Adults.

Frontiers of hormone research·2024
Same journal

Pituitary Acrogigantism: From the Past to the Future.

Frontiers of hormone research·2024
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 27, 2025

Description of a Swine Infant Model of Volume-Controlled Hemorrhagic Shock
09:09

Description of a Swine Infant Model of Volume-Controlled Hemorrhagic Shock

Published on: November 3, 2023

1.4K

Hypovolemic Hyponatremia.

Dinushika Mohottige, Ruediger Wilhelm Lehrich, Arthur Greenberg

    Frontiers of Hormone Research
    |February 26, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This chapter explores hypovolemic hyponatremia, a condition often caused by fluid loss or diuretics. Fractional uric acid excretion aids in distinguishing fluid status, guiding effective treatment with isotonic fluids.

    More Related Videos

    Echocardiographic Assessment Using Subxiphoid-Only Examination for Hypotensive Patients
    08:45

    Echocardiographic Assessment Using Subxiphoid-Only Examination for Hypotensive Patients

    Published on: April 18, 2025

    1.1K
    Fixed Volume or Fixed Pressure: A Murine Model of Hemorrhagic Shock
    16:31

    Fixed Volume or Fixed Pressure: A Murine Model of Hemorrhagic Shock

    Published on: June 6, 2011

    25.4K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Dec 27, 2025

    Description of a Swine Infant Model of Volume-Controlled Hemorrhagic Shock
    09:09

    Description of a Swine Infant Model of Volume-Controlled Hemorrhagic Shock

    Published on: November 3, 2023

    1.4K
    Echocardiographic Assessment Using Subxiphoid-Only Examination for Hypotensive Patients
    08:45

    Echocardiographic Assessment Using Subxiphoid-Only Examination for Hypotensive Patients

    Published on: April 18, 2025

    1.1K
    Fixed Volume or Fixed Pressure: A Murine Model of Hemorrhagic Shock
    16:31

    Fixed Volume or Fixed Pressure: A Murine Model of Hemorrhagic Shock

    Published on: June 6, 2011

    25.4K

    Area of Science:

    • Nephrology
    • Endocrinology
    • Internal Medicine

    Background:

    • Hyponatremia etiology is multifactorial, with common causes including hypovolemia, thiazide diuretics, and SIAD.
    • Distinguishing between hypovolemic and euvolemic hyponatremia is crucial for effective management.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To discuss hypovolemic hyponatremia and its differentiating clinical parameters.
    • To highlight the utility of fractional uric acid excretion in assessing volume status.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of clinical parameters for distinguishing hypovolemic from euvolemic states.
    • Analysis of urine sodium concentration and fractional uric acid excretion.
    • Consideration of specific causes like GI fluid loss, endocrinopathies, and thiazide diuretics.

    Main Results:

    • Fractional uric acid excretion can help differentiate hypovolemic from euvolemic hyponatremia, even with diuretic use.
    • Thiazide-induced hyponatremia may have a genetic predisposition and requires thiazide discontinuation for treatment.
    • Management involves confirming the cause and using isotonic fluids for repletion.

    Conclusions:

    • Accurate diagnosis of hypovolemic hyponatremia relies on specific clinical parameters.
    • Understanding the underlying cause, such as GI losses or thiazide use, is key to treatment.
    • Careful volume repletion with isotonic fluids is essential to avoid complications.