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Immunoglobulin E-Mediated Food Allergies Differ in East Mediterranean Children Aged 0-2 Years

Melike Kahveci1, Gizem Koken2, Ümit Murat Şahiner1

  • 1Department of Pediatric Allergy, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.

International Archives of Allergy and Immunology
|February 26, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Accurate food allergy (FA) diagnosis in Turkish children requires understanding common allergens like egg and milk. Severe atopic dermatitis (AD) in infancy predicts higher FA risk, highlighting the need for early testing.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
  • Dermatology
  • Clinical Immunology

Background:

  • Accurate diagnosis of food allergy (FA) is crucial for effective management.
  • Understanding the spectrum of FA and its predictors is essential for population-specific diagnostics.
  • Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common allergic condition in infants, often co-occurring with FA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the spectrum of food allergies in Turkish children aged 0-2 years.
  • To identify predictors of food allergy and its co-occurrence with atopic dermatitis.
  • To inform diagnostic strategies for FA in this pediatric population.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of medical charts of Turkish children aged 0-2 years.
  • Inclusion criteria: diagnosis of FA and/or atopic dermatitis (AD).
  • Analysis of allergen prevalence, co-occurrence of FA and AD, and risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Egg white (75.9%), cow's milk (55.7%), tree nuts (31.5%), and sesame (20.6%) were the most common FAs.
  • Testing for egg white, cow's milk, hazelnut, sesame, walnut, cashew, and pistachio is recommended for 99% of FA cases.
  • Multiple FA (56.8%) and hen's egg allergy (85.5%) were more prevalent in the AD subgroup.
  • Severe and early-onset AD significantly increased the risk of concomitant FA (OR 2.350 and 0.800, respectively).

Conclusions:

  • Severe and early-onset AD are significant predictors of FA in infancy.
  • The FA spectrum in this population is influenced by cultural factors.
  • Clinical manifestations of AD and FA may reflect underlying immune dysregulation in atopy.
Abstract

Keywords:
Atopic dermatitisBreast feedingFood allergyInfantSkin prick test panel

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