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Related Concept Videos

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Most elements exist in nature as a mixture of isotopes. The isotopes differ in weight due to their respective number of neutrons. The molecular weight of a molecule is different depending on the specific isotope of its elements involved. As a result, the mass spectrum of the molecule exhibits peaks from the same fragment at multiple positions. The positions of these mass signals depend on the mass differences between isotopes. Furthermore, the intensity of these signals is dependent on the...
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PTR-ToF-MS Coupled with an Automated Sampling System and Tailored Data Analysis for Food Studies: Bioprocess Monitoring, Screening and Nose-space Analysis
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Isotopic and elemental profiling alongside with chemometric methods for vegetable differentiation.

Gabriela Cristea1, Ioana Feher1, Cezara Voica1

  • 1Department of Mass Spectrometry, Chromatography and Ion Physics, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies
|February 27, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Chemometric models accurately distinguished vegetable growing systems and origins using stable isotope and elemental analysis. This method reliably identified mislabeled squashes and radishes, enhancing food traceability.

Keywords:
AuthenticationRomaniacarbon-13chemometricsdiscriminationhydrogen-2oxygen-18radishsquashvegetables

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Food Science

Background:

  • Ensuring the authenticity of vegetable origin and cultivation methods is crucial for consumer trust and market integrity.
  • Distinguishing between field-grown and greenhouse-grown produce, as well as verifying geographical origin, presents analytical challenges.
  • Stable isotope ratios and elemental composition offer potential markers for food authentication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate chemometric models for classifying vegetable growing systems (field vs. greenhouse).
  • To determine the geographical origin of vegetables (Romanian vs. foreign).
  • To attribute vegetable species (squash and radish) based on their chemical fingerprints.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 101 commercial vegetable samples (54 squashes, 47 radishes) from the Romanian market.
  • Utilized stable isotope analysis (δ13C, δ18O, δ2H) and elemental fingerprinting (e.g., Sn, Cu, Na, Zn, Sr, Zr, Co).
  • Constructed and validated chemometric models using linear discriminant analysis.

Main Results:

  • High classification accuracies were achieved for growing systems: 94.4% for squash and 83% for radish.
  • Identified specific markers: Sn and δ13C for radish, Sn and Cu for squash, differentiating growing systems.
  • Cross-validation reclassified 4 initially Romanian samples as foreign, indicating effective origin discrimination.

Conclusions:

  • Chemometric models based on stable isotopes and elemental analysis are effective tools for verifying vegetable cultivation systems and geographical origins.
  • The developed models successfully identified mislabeled samples, highlighting their utility in combating food fraud.
  • Specific elements (Sn, Cu, Na) and stable isotopes (δ13C) serve as powerful discriminators for Romanian vegetables.