Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway02:26

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway

9.7K
The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The...
9.7K
Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

8.3K
Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
8.3K
General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

6.6K
Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
6.6K
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

7.6K
Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
7.6K
Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses01:22

Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses

7.5K
The physiological function of a cell and cellular communication are outcomes of a range of extrinsic signals, intracellular signaling pathways, and cellular responses. No two cell types express the same repertoire of signaling components. Receptors are highly selective for their cognate ligands, but once activated, they can alter multiple cellular processes such as DNA transcription, protein synthesis, and metabolic activity. 
Graded and Abrupt Responses
Some signaling systems generate...
7.5K
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

16.1K
Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
16.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Lack of caspase 8 directs neuronal progenitor-like reprogramming and small cell lung cancer progression.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Novel Avenues for the Detection of Cancer-Associated Viral Genome Integrations Using Long-Read Sequencing Technologies.

Cancers·2025
Same author

Evolving Rel.

Nature immunology·2025
Same author

Whole genome sequencing of CRISPR/Cas9-engineered NF-κB reporter mice for validation and variant discovery.

Scientific data·2024
Same author

Long-read transcriptome sequencing of CLL and MDS patients uncovers molecular effects of <i>SF3B1</i> mutations.

Genome research·2024
Same author

Oncogenic role and target properties of the lysine-specific demethylase KDM1A in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Blood·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 27, 2025

NF-&#954;B-dependent Luciferase Activation and Quantification of Gene Expression in Salmonella Infected Tissue Culture Cells
10:57

NF-κB-dependent Luciferase Activation and Quantification of Gene Expression in Salmonella Infected Tissue Culture Cells

Published on: January 12, 2020

11.1K

Integrative analysis suggests cell type-specific decoding of NF-κB dynamics.

Erik W Martin1, Alicja Pacholewska1, Heta Patel1

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.

Science Signaling
|February 27, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transcription factors like nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) use complex signaling dynamics to convey environmental information for cellular decisions. This study decodes how NF-κB signaling patterns regulate gene expression in different cell types.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Comprehensive Epigenetic Analysis for Investigating Human Cellular Plasticity and Environmental Adaptation Using Immunofluorescence Assays
06:33

Author Spotlight: Comprehensive Epigenetic Analysis for Investigating Human Cellular Plasticity and Environmental Adaptation Using Immunofluorescence Assays

Published on: June 28, 2024

841
A Guide to Production, Crystallization, and Structure Determination of Human IKK1/&#945;
11:27

A Guide to Production, Crystallization, and Structure Determination of Human IKK1/α

Published on: November 2, 2018

9.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 27, 2025

NF-&#954;B-dependent Luciferase Activation and Quantification of Gene Expression in Salmonella Infected Tissue Culture Cells
10:57

NF-κB-dependent Luciferase Activation and Quantification of Gene Expression in Salmonella Infected Tissue Culture Cells

Published on: January 12, 2020

11.1K
Author Spotlight: Comprehensive Epigenetic Analysis for Investigating Human Cellular Plasticity and Environmental Adaptation Using Immunofluorescence Assays
06:33

Author Spotlight: Comprehensive Epigenetic Analysis for Investigating Human Cellular Plasticity and Environmental Adaptation Using Immunofluorescence Assays

Published on: June 28, 2024

841
A Guide to Production, Crystallization, and Structure Determination of Human IKK1/&#945;
11:27

A Guide to Production, Crystallization, and Structure Determination of Human IKK1/α

Published on: November 2, 2018

9.5K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Signaling
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Transcription factor signaling dynamics encode extracellular information, influencing cellular decisions.
  • Understanding how these dynamics translate into gene regulation is crucial for deciphering cellular responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling dynamics, specifically of RelA and c-Rel subunits, are interpreted by cells to regulate gene expression.
  • To identify direct NF-κB targets and understand the link between signaling dynamics and gene transcription across different cell types.

Main Methods:

  • Profiling single-cell dynamics of RelA and c-Rel NF-κB subunits in response to pathogen-derived stimuli.
  • Analyzing nascent transcripts to distinguish direct NF-κB targets from other regulatory mechanisms.
  • Comparing gene regulation patterns in immune (macrophage) and non-immune (fibroblast) cell contexts.

Main Results:

  • Diverse NF-κB-activating ligands elicited distinct patterns in RelA and c-Rel signaling dynamics (e.g., duration, integrated activity).
  • Over half of induced genes showed transcription tightly correlated with specific NF-κB signaling dynamics.
  • A shared set of "NF-κB dynamics-decoding" genes was identified in fibroblasts and macrophages, alongside cell type-specific targets.
  • Target gene regulation was often linked to both RelA and c-Rel, or RelA alone, highlighting subunit specificity.

Conclusions:

  • NF-κB signaling dynamics encode specific information about pathogenic stimuli.
  • Cells interpret these dynamic NF-κB signals in a cell type-specific manner to orchestrate gene regulation.
  • This decoding mechanism allows for nuanced cellular responses to environmental cues.