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miRNAs: A Promising Target in the Chemoresistance of Bladder Cancer
Zhonglin Cai1, Fa Zhang2, Weijie Chen3
1Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Abstract:
Chemotherapy is an important cancer treatment method. Tumor chemotherapy resistance is one of the main factors leading to tumor progression. Like other malignancies, bladder cancer, especially muscle-invasive bladder cancer, is prone to chemotherapy resistance. Additionally, only approximately 50% of muscle-invasive bladder cancer responds to cisplatin-based chemotherapy. miRNAs are a class of small, endogenous, noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level, which results in the inhibition of translation or the degradation of mRNA. In the study of miRNAs and cancer, including gastric cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer, and colorectal cancer, it has been found that miRNAs can regulate the expression of genes related to tumor resistance, thereby promoting the progression of tumors. In bladder cancer, miRNAs are also closely related to chemotherapy resistance, suggesting that miRNAs can be a new therapeutic target for the chemotherapy resistance of bladder cancer. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of miRNAs in the chemotherapy resistance of bladder cancer is an important foundation for restoring the chemotherapy sensitivity of bladder cancer and improving the efficacy of chemotherapy and patient survival. In this article, we review the role of miRNAs in the development of chemotherapy-resistant bladder cancer and the various resistance mechanisms that involve apoptosis, the cell cycle, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and cancer stem cells (CSCs).
Insights
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in bladder cancer chemotherapy resistance. Understanding miRNA mechanisms is crucial for developing new therapies to improve treatment efficacy and patient survival.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
Background:
- Chemotherapy resistance is a major challenge in cancer treatment, particularly for muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
- Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is effective in only about 50% of muscle-invasive bladder cancer cases.
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression and are implicated in various cancers.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of miRNAs in the development of chemotherapy resistance in bladder cancer.
- To elucidate the mechanisms by which miRNAs contribute to bladder cancer chemotherapy resistance.
- To highlight miRNAs as potential therapeutic targets for overcoming bladder cancer chemoresistance.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on the role of miRNAs in bladder cancer chemotherapy resistance.
- Analysis of mechanisms involving apoptosis, cell cycle, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and cancer stem cells (CSCs).
Main Results:
- miRNAs are significantly involved in regulating gene expression related to tumor resistance.
- miRNAs influence key cellular processes such as apoptosis, cell cycle progression, EMT, and CSCs in bladder cancer.
- Dysregulation of specific miRNAs contributes to the development of chemotherapy resistance.
Conclusions:
- miRNAs are critical regulators of chemotherapy resistance in bladder cancer.
- Targeting miRNAs offers a promising strategy to restore chemosensitivity and improve patient outcomes.
- Further research into miRNA mechanisms is essential for developing novel bladder cancer therapies.
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