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Ultrastructural Dendritic Changes Underlying Diaschisis After Capsular Infarct.

Min-Cheol Lee1, Ra Gyung Kim2, Taebum Lee1

  • 1Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Research Institute of Medical Science, Gwangju, South Korea.

Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology
|February 27, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals that brain lesions cause ultrastructural damage, specifically to dendrites and synapses, in distant brain areas. These findings provide new insights into the pathological mechanisms of diaschisis.

Keywords:
Capsular infarctDiaschisisElectron microscopeMicroPETStroke

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pathology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Diaschisis is a functional deficit in brain regions remote from a lesion.
  • Understanding diaschisis mechanisms is crucial for treating neurological disorders.
  • Ultrastructural changes in diaschisis remain under-investigated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the ultrastructural pathological changes associated with diaschisis.
  • To examine the time-dependent progression of these changes after injury.
  • To correlate functional diaschisis with cellular-level alterations.

Main Methods:

  • A rat model of capsular infarct modeling (CIM) was used.
  • Longitudinal 2-deoxy-2-[18F]-fluoro-d-glucose microPET (FDG-microPET) monitored diaschisis.
  • Light and electron microscopy assessed tissue changes at 7, 14, and 21 days post-injury.

Main Results:

  • FDG-microPET confirmed diaschisis occurrence post-CIM.
  • Light microscopy showed mild reactive astrogliosis but no significant histopathology.
  • Electron microscopy revealed swollen dendrites and degenerated axodendritic synapses, with reduced synapse numbers, while neuronal somas and axons were preserved.

Conclusions:

  • Subcortical white-matter lesions induce significant ultrastructural changes in diaschisis sites.
  • Axodendritic degeneration and synapse loss are key pathological features of diaschisis.
  • These findings highlight the importance of ultrastructural analysis in understanding diaschisis pathogenesis.