Biochar Modified by Nano-manganese Dioxide as Adsorbent and Oxidant for Oxytetracycline

Biochar has limited capacity to adsorb oxytetracycline (OTC). Here we have used bamboo willow biochar (BC) as a carrier to produce nMnO₂-loaded biochars (MBC) by a co-precipitation method. Their chemical compositions, morphological features, specific surface area, and surface functional groups were observed or determined. Batch experiments were conducted to assess the effects of reaction time, initial OTC concentrations, pH, salt concentrations, and natural organic matter (NOM) on OTC removal. Kinetics and isotherms indicated that OTC was mainly adsorbed via chemical interactions, and mono- and multi-layer adsorption occurred on the surface. MBC removed 19-25 times more OTC than BC, and the removal was highest at near-neutral pH, not influenced by NaCl (2, 10 mM), slighted reduced by NOM (0-20 mg L^-1), and enhanced by NaHCO₃ (2, 10 mM). Besides being an adsorbent, MBC acted as an oxidant and degraded 58.5% of OTC at 24 h.