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Relationship between pancreatic cancer-associated diabetes and cachexia
Wei-Chih Liao1,2, Peng-Ruei Chen3, Cheng-Chieh Huang3
1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle
|February 27, 2020
Summary
Pancreatic cancer-associated diabetes mellitus (PCDM) does not directly cause cachexia. Biomarkers like galectin-3 and S100A9, and blood glucose levels, were not associated with weight loss or muscle loss in cancer patients.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Endocrinology
- Metabolic Syndrome
Background:
- Pancreatic cancer-associated diabetes mellitus (PCDM) is a paraneoplastic phenomenon linked to hyperglycemia and weight loss.
- Mediators of PCDM, such as galectin-3 and S100A9, possess pro-inflammatory properties that may contribute to systemic inflammation and cachexia.
- The direct role of PCDM in mediating cancer-induced cachexia remains unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate whether pancreatic cancer-associated diabetes mellitus (PCDM) directly mediates cachexia in pancreatic cancer patients.
- To analyze the association between PCDM, hyperglycemia, and cachexia-related parameters, including weight loss and skeletal muscle index (SMI).
- To determine the correlation between serum levels of galectin-3 and S100A9 with cachexia in pancreatic cancer.
Main Methods:
- A comparative study included 88 pancreatic cancer (PC) patients with PCDM and 88 without.
- Cachexia was defined by weight loss, low body mass index, or sarcopenia. Skeletal muscle mass was assessed using CT-scans (SMI).
- Statistical analyses, including Spearman correlation and logistic regression, were used to compare cachexia parameters and analyze relationships with blood glucose and biomarker levels.
Main Results:
- Cachexia prevalence (64.8% vs. 51.1%), weight loss (median 6.8% vs. 4.0%), and SMI were not significantly different between patients with and without PCDM.
- In patients with PCDM, fasting blood glucose did not correlate with weight loss or SMI. Serum S100A9 correlated with fasting blood glucose but not with weight loss or SMI.
- Primary tumor size was associated with cachexia, but PCDM, fasting blood glucose, galectin-3, and S100A9 were not identified as predictors of cachexia.
Conclusions:
- Neither hyperglycemia nor serum levels of galectin-3 and S100A9 were associated with cachexia-related parameters in pancreatic cancer patients.
- The study concludes that mediators of PCDM and hyperglycemia do not directly mediate pancreatic cancer-induced cachexia.
- Primary tumor size is a significant predictor of cachexia, independent of PCDM status or associated biomarkers.
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