Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Endospores and Sporulation01:20

Endospores and Sporulation

4.5K
Endospores are specialized, dormant cells primarily formed by Gram-positive bacteria, including Bacillus and Clostridium, enabling survival under extreme environmental conditions. Due to their unique composition and formation process, these structures are highly resistant to physical and chemical insults, such as extreme heat, ultraviolet and ionizing radiation, desiccation, and toxic chemicals. Rare instances of endospore-like structures have also been observed in some Gram-negative bacteria,...
4.5K
Enlargement of the Plasma Membrane01:22

Enlargement of the Plasma Membrane

2.2K
Cell division and enlargement are processes that require precise control. The control ensures that cell division cannot proceed unless the cell has grown to a specific size. A spherical, dividing cell requires an approximately 1.6X increase in its surface area to double its volume. The secretory pathway also has a significant role in cell membrane enlargement. Secretory vesicles that bud off from the Golgi apparatus and later fuse with the plasma membrane during exocytosis are a major source of...
2.2K
Eukaryotic Compartmentalizations01:46

Eukaryotic Compartmentalizations

171.3K
One of the distinguishing features of eukaryotic cells is that they contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus and mitochondria, that carry out specialized functions. Since biological membranes are only selectively permeable to solutes, they help create a compartment with controlled conditions inside an organelle. These microenvironments are tailored to the organelle's specific functions and help isolate them from the surrounding cytosol.
For example, lysosomes in the animal cells...
171.3K
Eukaryotic Compartmentalization01:37

Eukaryotic Compartmentalization

17.3K
One of the distinguishing features of eukaryotic cells is that they contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus and mitochondria, that carry out specialized functions. Since biological membranes are only selectively permeable to solutes, they help create a compartment with controlled conditions inside an organelle. These microenvironments are tailored to the organelle's specific functions and help isolate them from the surrounding cytosol.
For example, lysosomes in the animal...
17.3K
DNA Packaging00:58

DNA Packaging

111.7K
Overview
111.7K
Outer Layers of the Cell Envelope01:18

Outer Layers of the Cell Envelope

787
The outermost layers of prokaryotic cells play a critical role in their survival, virulence, and interaction with the environment. These layers, often composed of polysaccharides, polypeptides, or proteins, form protective and adhesive structures that vary in organization and function.Capsules and Slime LayersCapsules are highly organized, tightly bound layers that firmly attach to the bacterial cell wall. Capsules are usually made of polysaccharides, though some are made of polypeptides. These...
787

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Genetic Predisposition Toward Multicellularity in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Genome biology and evolution·2025
Same author

Fossil-calibrated molecular clock data enable reconstruction of steps leading to differentiated multicellularity and anisogamy in the Volvocine algae.

BMC biology·2024
Same author

The Combined Treatment with Ketogenic Diet and Metformin Slows Tumor Growth in Two Mouse Models of Triple Negative Breast Cancer.

Research square·2024
Same author

Cryopreservation of clonal and polyclonal populations of <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i>.

Biology methods & protocols·2021
Same author

Evolutionary dynamics and structural consequences of de novo beneficial mutations and mutant lineages arising in a constant environment.

BMC biology·2021
Same author

Fitness and Productivity Increase with Ecotypic Diversity among <i>Escherichia coli</i> Strains That Coevolved in a Simple, Constant Environment.

Applied and environmental microbiology·2020
Same journal

Growth Model for Continuous Culture of a Hydrogen-Oxidizing Bacterium, Hydrogenophilus thermoluteolus Strain TH-1.

Biotechnology and bioengineering·2026
Same journal

Glycoengineered Recombinant Alpha1-Antitrypsin Results in Comparable In Vitro and In Vivo Activities to Human Plasma-Derived Protein.

Biotechnology and bioengineering·2026
Same journal

Minimizing Off-Target Effects of CRISPR-Cas9 With Optimized sgRNA: Evaluation of Efficiency and Specificity in the Tumor Protein 53 (TP53) Region.

Biotechnology and bioengineering·2026
Same journal

Metabolic Flux Analysis Reveals Cell Line-Specific Rewiring in CHO Cells Following TCA Cycle Intermediate Feeding for Bioprocess pH Control.

Biotechnology and bioengineering·2026
Same journal

Photohydrogenotrophic Cultivation of Purple Non-Sulfur Bacteria in an Open Bioreactor: Enhanced Selectivity Through Light Cycling and Ammonium Limitation.

Biotechnology and bioengineering·2026
Same journal

Translating Blue Light Stimulation From Batch to Perfusion: Process and Intracellular Metabolic Analysis.

Biotechnology and bioengineering·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 27, 2025

Alginate Encapsulation of Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Co-axial Nozzle
07:13

Alginate Encapsulation of Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Co-axial Nozzle

Published on: July 2, 2015

13.2K

Encapsulation enhances protoplast fusant stability.

Jordan Gulli1, Eugene Kroll1, Frank Rosenzweig1,2

  • 1School of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia.

Biotechnology and Bioengineering
|February 27, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Encapsulating yeast dikaryons in alginate matrix improves genomic and plasmid stability for biomanufacturing. This method enhances cell viability and preserves metabolic functions, crucial for cost-efficient production.

Keywords:
Pichia stipitisSaccharomyces cerevisiaecell encapsulationcellulosic fermentationdikaryongenomic stabilityprotoplast fusion

More Related Videos

Title Cell Encapsulation by Droplets
13:10

Title Cell Encapsulation by Droplets

Published on: October 1, 2007

8.9K
Encapsulation Thermogenic Preadipocytes for Transplantation into Adipose Tissue Depots
08:30

Encapsulation Thermogenic Preadipocytes for Transplantation into Adipose Tissue Depots

Published on: June 2, 2015

9.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 27, 2025

Alginate Encapsulation of Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Co-axial Nozzle
07:13

Alginate Encapsulation of Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Co-axial Nozzle

Published on: July 2, 2015

13.2K
Title Cell Encapsulation by Droplets
13:10

Title Cell Encapsulation by Droplets

Published on: October 1, 2007

8.9K
Encapsulation Thermogenic Preadipocytes for Transplantation into Adipose Tissue Depots
08:30

Encapsulation Thermogenic Preadipocytes for Transplantation into Adipose Tissue Depots

Published on: June 2, 2015

9.7K

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Synthetic Biology
  • Microbial Engineering

Background:

  • Genetic instability in engineered organisms hinders cost-efficient biomanufacturing.
  • Fungal dikaryons can revert to parental species due to nuclear segregation during cell division, limiting their utility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if encapsulating Saccharomyces cerevisiae-Pichia stipitis dikaryons in an alginate matrix can enhance genomic and plasmid stability.
  • To assess the impact of encapsulation on metabolic capabilities and ethanologenic fermentation of glucose and xylose.

Main Methods:

  • Encapsulation of S. cerevisiae-P. stipitis dikaryons in an alginate matrix.
  • Fermentation experiments using glucose and xylose as substrates.
  • Analysis of substrate consumption, ethanol production, ploidy, and cell viability.
  • Comparison between encapsulated and planktonic fusants and mixed cultures.

Main Results:

  • Encapsulated dikaryons showed increased glucose and xylose consumption and ethanol production compared to planktonic controls.
  • Encapsulation significantly enhanced genomic and plasmid stability over repeated fed-batch cycles.
  • A fixed ratio of S. cerevisiae to P. stipitis cells was maintained in mixed encapsulated cultures.

Conclusions:

  • Alginate encapsulation effectively limits cell division, preserving genomic and plasmid stability in engineered yeast.
  • This approach enhances the stability and biological activity of microbial populations for biomanufacturing applications.
  • Encapsulation offers a promising strategy for cost-efficient biomanufacturing by maintaining desired cellular characteristics.