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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 27, 2025

A Syngeneic Orthotopic Osteosarcoma Sprague Dawley Rat Model with Amputation to Control Metastasis Rate
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Pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma with bone marrow metastasis.

Kayleen A Bailey1, Leonard H Wexler1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Kids, New York.

Pediatric Blood & Cancer
|February 27, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Rhabdomyosarcoma with bone marrow metastasis is a dire pediatric cancer diagnosis. Survival rates are critically low, highlighting the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies to improve outcomes.

Keywords:
PAX3-FOXO1bone marrow metastasiscytogeneticspediatric oncologyrhabdomyosarcomasoft tissue sarcoma

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Sarcoma Research
  • Metastatic Cancer

Background:

  • Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a prevalent soft tissue sarcoma in children and adolescents.
  • While localized RMS often has a favorable prognosis, metastatic disease, particularly with bone marrow (BM) involvement, carries a poor outlook.
  • RMS with BM metastasis represents about 6% of RMS cases, with a dismal 3-year event-free survival rate of 14%.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the institutional experience with pediatric patients diagnosed with metastatic Rhabdomyosarcoma involving the bone marrow.
  • To analyze survival outcomes and identify prognostic factors in this high-risk patient cohort.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective review was conducted at a single tertiary pediatric oncology center.
  • Patients diagnosed with Rhabdomyosarcoma and bone marrow metastasis between 1998 and 2018 were identified.
  • Pathology reports were used to confirm bone marrow involvement at the time of diagnosis.

Main Results:

  • The median survival for the 27 patients with RMS and BM positivity at diagnosis was 1.5 years.
  • Overall survival rates at 1, 2, and 3 years were 81%, 32%, and 20%, respectively.
  • Patients with Oberlin status 4, including BM metastasis, had a 3-year overall survival of 0%.

Conclusions:

  • Bone marrow metastasis at diagnosis signifies a near-fatal prognosis for pediatric Rhabdomyosarcoma patients.
  • Despite initial treatment responses, consolidation of remission remains a significant challenge.
  • The findings underscore the critical need for developing innovative therapies to improve survival in this vulnerable population.