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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Response II: Inflammatory Exudate and Tissue Repair01:24

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The immune system's inflammatory response destroys the invading pathogen, permitting the tissue to heal. The changes during the cellular and vascular stages allow exudate formation at the site of inflammation. The inflammatory exudate released from the wound has high protein content and a specific gravity above 1.020.
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The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...
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An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 27, 2025

Screening Assays to Characterize Novel Endothelial Regulators Involved in the Inflammatory Response
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Endothelial Responses in Sepsis.

Jérémie Joffre1,2, Judith Hellman2, Can Ince3

  • 1Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
|February 27, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Endothelial cells (ECs) mount a complex defense against bacterial infections. However, during sepsis, ECs can dysfunction, leading to organ damage and failure.

Keywords:
cytokinesendotheliumglycocalyxinflammationsepsis

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Area of Science:

  • Vascular biology
  • Immunology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Endothelial cells (ECs) are crucial in the systemic response to bacterial infections, controlling pathogen spread.
  • ECs exhibit diverse responses to pathogens, toxins, and danger signals, influencing systemic inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the adaptive and maladaptive responses of endothelial cells (ECs) during acute inflammation and bacterial infection.
  • To synthesize current basic research and clinical trial data on endothelial and microvascular changes in septic shock.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent basic research.
  • Analysis of clinical trials targeting endothelial and microvascular alterations in sepsis.

Main Results:

  • During sepsis, ECs adopt a proapoptotic, proinflammatory, proadhesive, and procoagulant phenotype.
  • Damage to the endothelial glycocalyx and impaired vascular tone disrupt microcirculation, causing organ injury.

Conclusions:

  • Endothelial cell dysfunction is a key factor in sepsis-induced organ failure.
  • Targeting microvascular and endothelial alterations presents a therapeutic strategy for septic shock.